CHAP. XXVII.] CEREBRAL MENTAL SUBSTRATA. 597 



Yet, strangely enough, this latter able writer and experi- 

 menter, whose views are likely to exercise considerable 

 influence, seems to have been betrayed into such an in- 

 consistency.* 



If the various impressions which go to make up the Kinsesthetio 

 Sense are all of them (as we suppose) real 'ingoing' impressions 

 that traverse different kinds of sensory nerves, the mere difference 

 of the mode or occasion on which they are excited, should not lead 

 to their being spoken of as though they were radically different in 

 nature from other sensory impressions. So that in accordance with 

 this view, the dictum ' nihil est in intdlectu quod non fuerit prius 

 in sensu ' loses none of its old force it is a formula broad enough 

 to include the Kinaesthctic and Visceral as well as the Special 

 Senses and if incorrect, would be so as much in the one as in the 

 other direction. 



Ferrier truly saysf: "By the movements of the head and eyes 

 we greatly extend the scope and complicate the facts of visual 

 sensation, and by the movements of the limbs the range of tactile 

 experience is increased a thousandfold." But he conveys (from his 

 own previous point of view) a contradictory and erroneous implica- 

 tion when he adds : " There are few objects of cognition known 

 to us only by sensory characters or impressions The vast majority 

 involve the activity both of our sensory and motor faculties, and 

 our ideas are a mixed revival both of ideal movements and ideal 

 sensations in their respective coherent associations. This is exem- 

 plified in the acquisition and constitution of ideas of form, shape, 

 weight, resistance and the like." 



A view of this kind (viz., that 'ideal movements' have a basis 

 other than, and wholly opposed to, that usually known as ' sensory ') 

 is one now commonly held, and is altogether similar to that 

 taught in this country by Prof. Bain. He, for instance, when 

 speaking of Sight, has said J it " is now generally considered as a 

 mixed sense, and that the visual sensations are partly muscular 

 feelings and partly optical feelings." He adds: "In all that 



* This may be seen by comparing Ferrier's examination of the 

 ' muscular sense ' question (" Functions of the Brain/' pp. 215-227), 

 with his views and modes of expression in Chap, xi., some state- 

 ments in which are now about to be referred to. 



t Loc. cit. p. 267. J " Fortnightly Eeview," April, 1869, p. 



