614 THE CEREBRAL RELATIONS OF 



there sought, with the light afforded by experiments upon 

 lower animals supplemented by clinical and pathological 

 investigation, to trace * ingoing' impressions from their 

 seats of origination to certain portions of the Cerebral 

 Cortex: the regions whence Volitional and other ' out- 

 going ' stimuli from the Cerebral Cortex were given off, 

 were also indicated so far as they are at present known. 

 Our object now will be to throw some little light upon 

 the extremely complex processes which have been super- 

 added, or that have grown out of, the processes imme- 

 diately excited in the Cerebral Cortex by the incidence of 

 ingoing impressions and as a result of which outgoing 

 stimuli pass over to motor centres, for the performance of 

 Voluntary Acts and for Intellectual Expression generally. 



We shall make a faint attempt, therefore, to begin to 

 unravel the order of the incalculably complex intermediate 

 processes taking place in the highest nerve centre of 

 the highest animal between the incidence of * ingoing ' 

 and the exit of ' outgoing ' currents. Such actions are to 

 be regarded as elaborations of one median part or stage of 

 the typical ' reflex process,' as it occurs in lower organisms 

 or in the lower nerve centres of higher organisms. 



Any attempt to gauge and understand the Mental- 

 processes of lower animals was found to be necessarily 

 dependent upon the study of their Actions under par- 

 ticular conditions. Similarly, our attempts to gauge and 

 understand the Thought-processes of our fellow-men, 

 must rest ultimately upon a study of their Actions, or of 

 the results of their actions, as embodied in Speech, 

 Writing, or other products of the movements which they 

 have evoked for purposes of Intellectual Expression. In 

 place of the mere emotional signs and gestures of lower 

 animals, the accumulated results of the movements 

 employed in Speech and Writing for generation after 



