654 THE CEREBRAL RELATIONS OF 



tongue, and then making signs to her to do the same, she instantly 

 complied. She was prone to shed tears or to laugh immoderately 

 for the least thing, as ordinary hemiplegics are well known to 

 do, at a certain period of their complaint. She could not write a 

 single word with her left hand ; she held her pen properly, but only 

 made a meaningless scrawl. Although she kept constantly repeating 

 ' Sap on, Sapon,' I could never make her say 'Sap' or 'pon' by 

 itself, or repeat any syllable or word after me. She knew her own 

 name, and when I mentioned it she laughed and pointed to herself. 

 According to her sister's statement she remembered localities and 

 knew faces well." 



A month after she came under observation, she had further 

 acute cerebral symptoms which increased her paralysis, and also 

 still further clouded her intellect for a time. But by slow degrees, 

 and after an interval of many months, she improved remarkably, BO 

 that by the following October she was considerably better in many 

 respects. Dr. Bazire continues : " Her intellect was improved, but 

 not in the same proportion as the paralysis. Her emotional 

 excitability is much less than before, although it is still marked. 

 Her vocabulary comprises now a few more words. She still says 

 Sapon, Sapon, but she can now distinctly articulate yes and no, 

 although she does not always use them appropriately, and she can 

 count one, two, three, four. When under the influence of great 

 excitement she sometimes exclaims, ' Oh, dear me,' according to 

 her sister's account. She cannot yet write a single word, nor even 

 form a single letter, although she has often tried hard. She does 

 not know the letters of the alphabet, and when she is shown a and o, 

 and asked to point out a, she cannot do it. Slie has still great 

 difficulty in understanding what is said to her in words, although 

 she is not in the least hard of hearing ; but she immediately under- 

 stands gestures. Her own pantomime still lacks clearness. She 

 never reads, but is fond of looking at pictures." 



The next case of Aphasia to be recorded, was one 

 which came under the care of the writer. There was 

 here, also, the association with right Hemiplegia, but 

 hoth it and the mental impairment were much more 

 marked than in the last case. There was the same loss 

 of ability to Read ; and some difficulty in apprehending 

 Speech, whilst in addition there was an imperfect power 



