CHAPTER XXX. 



FURTHER PROBLEMS IN REGARD TO THE LOCALIZATION OF 

 HIGHER CEREBRAL FUNCTIONS. 



THE study of the various defects of Speech, and of Intellec- 

 tual Expression in general, produced by Cerebral Disease 

 is of great importance in many ways. An accumulation 

 of instances more or less crudely observed must almost 

 necessarily precede the attempt to analyze and classify 

 these various defects. Thereafter observers will work 

 better and with more chance of success in two directions. 

 They will (1) have learned more fully how to observe such 

 cases, that is, what is specially to be looked for in the 

 way of ability or defect in persons so affected ; and (2) they 

 may, whenever the precise mental defects manifested 

 during life have been clearly recognized and recorded, as 

 the occasion arises, note with more hope of profitable 

 scientific result the exact region of the Brain which has 

 been damaged. 



The error of massing together all the varieties of ' loss 

 of speech' under one name, such as ' Aphasia/ and 

 then altogether rejecting doctrines of Cerebral Localiza- 

 tion, because the lesions in such dissimilar cases have 

 not always been found in some one part of the Brain, is 

 manifest and absurd, and yet it is one which has 

 been too often repeated in recent years. Even such an 

 accomplished physician as Trousseau spoke of a represen- 

 tative case of Amnesia as a typical instance of Aphasia, 



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