674 PROBLEMS IN REGARD TO LOCALIZATION OF 



and based his explanation of the Aphasic condition a 

 good deal upon the phenomena by which it was charac- 

 terized. This massing together, under one name, of 

 wholly dissimilar defects, and the confusion thus created, 

 would of course, so long as it lasted, effectually defeat all 

 attempts at Cerebral Localization. 



It is, therefore, absolutely necessary if further advance 

 is to be made in regard to the 'localization ' of higher 

 Cerebral Functions, first, that we should learn carefully to 

 discriminate the different Speech -defects from one another 

 during life; and, secondly, that where opportunities occur, 

 the locality of lesions should be principally observed and 

 recorded in typical and uncomplicated cases. 



A few brief additional details (beyond those which it 

 has been found convenient to mention in the last chapter) 

 will now be given as to the extent of knowledge already 

 garnered within this second sphere of observation and 

 inference which, though not at present co-extensive with 

 the other, nevertheless includes some facts of a rather 

 startling description. 



In 1825, Bouillaud* affirmed that the Frontal Lobes 

 of the Brain were the parts principally concerned with 

 Speech, because, as he said, these wore the organs " for 

 the formation and recollection of words, or the principal 

 signs which represent our ideas." He had collected 114 

 observations of disease of the Frontal Lobes accompanied 

 by loss or defect of Speech, and upon these he based his 

 views. 



Andral, however, in 1833, recorded fourteen cases where 

 Speech was abolished without any alteration in the Frontal 

 Lobes, but in which a lesion existed in the Parietal or in 

 the Occipital Lobes. 



* " Trait6 de 1'Encephalite," p. 234 



