692 APPENDIX. 



maintaining that the notion of ' resistance ' or 'weight is appre- 

 hended "through the locomotive faculty and not the muscular 

 sense." His view was almost precisely similar to that of Miiller; 

 for whilst holding that resistance and weight are measured 

 principally by what he terms the 'locomotive faculty,' he admits 

 that the appreciation by this faculty of the greater or less force of 

 our " mental motive energy " is always accompanied and aided " by 

 sensations, of which the muscular nisus or quiescence, on the one 

 hand, and the resisting, the pressing body, on the other, are the 

 causes." Headds : "Of these sensations, the former, -to wit, the feel- 

 ings connected with the states of tension and relaxation, lie wholly in 

 the muscles, and belong to what has sometimes been distinguished as 

 the muscular sense. The latter, to wit, the sensations determined 

 by the foreign pressure, lie partly in the skin, and belong to the 

 sense of touch proper and cutaneous feeling, partly in the flesh, 

 and belonging to the muscular sense. These affections, sometimes 

 pleasurable, sometimes painful, are, in either case, merely modifica- 

 tions of the sensitive nerves distributed to the muscles arid to the 

 skin." 



This opinion that we appreciate ' weight ' or ' resistance ' prin- 

 cipally by the so-called ' locomotive faculty ' was, a little later, also 

 favourably regarded by Ludwig,who says ('Lehrb. der Physiologic,' 

 1852) : " It is conceivable and not unlikely that all knowledge 

 and discrimination arrived at through the 'exertion of the voluntary 

 muscles are attained directly through the act of voluntary 

 excitation, so that the effort of the will is at once proceeded on as 

 a means -of judgment." Prof. Bain, in the first edition of his 

 work, "The Senses and the Intellect" (1855), seemed to incline to 

 the same view, though his opinion was not quite adequately ex- 

 pressed. He demurs to what he calls Hamilton's assumption that 

 "we have a feeling of the state of tension of a muscle, indepen- 

 dently of our feeling of motive power put forth." "It may be 

 quite true," he adds, " that sensitive nerve filaments are supplied 

 to the muscles as well as motor filaments, and that through these 

 we are affected by the organic condition of the tissue, as in the 

 first class of feelings above described ; but it does not follow that 

 we obtain by the same filaments a distinctive feeling of the degree 

 of the muscle's contraction." When, a few lines farther on, Bain 

 speaks of " a sense of expended energy " as " the great character- 

 istic of the muscular consciousness," his precise view becomes 

 indistinct and somewhat confused. 



Landry, a little later ('Traite des Paralysies,' 1859), relying upon 



