Iixi? INTRODUCTION. 



Perianth of 6 or 4 segments. Stamens as many or half as many 1 62 



Flowers glumaceous, consisting of alternate chaffy scales, en- 

 161-1 closing the stamens and pistil in the same or separate scales 165 



Stamens and pistils in dense heads or spikes, without distinct 

 perianths . . . . 166 



'One style, with 2 or 3 linear stigmas 163 



162-1 One ovary, with 3 distinct styles or stigmas . . . .164 



Three distinct ovaries . . . SCHEUCHZERIA (p. 429). 



Flowers minute, unisexual, in a globular head ERIOCAULON (p. 476). 

 163 -! Flowers complete, distinct, or clustered, or panicled 



JUNGA.CE.dB (p. 468). 



.../Three short styles .... TOFIELDIA (p. 468). 



1 \Three sessile stigmas . . . TBIGLOCHIN (p. 430). 



'Flowers with a single scale under each set of stamens and pistil 



Sheath of the leaves closed round the stem CYPERACE^E (p. 477). 

 Flowers enclosed in 2 or more scales. Sheath of the leaves 

 usually split open on the bide opposite the blade 



GBAMINE^B (p. 501). 



. fifi /Fruit a berry. Leaves usually broad . . ABOIDE^J (p. 420). 

 DO \Fruit a dry nut. Leaves linear and sedge-like TYPHACE^E (p. 418). 



II. CBYPTOGAMS. (No Stamens or Pistil.) * 

 'Plants with distinct roots and stems or rootstocks, with leaves 



or green branches 2 



Plants variously shaped, without distinct roots, stems, and 

 leaves, seldom green unless aquatic 



CELLULAB CBYPTOGAMS (p. 547). 

 'Fructification in terminal spikes . . . . . .3 



Fructification radical or in the axils of small leaves . . .4 

 , Fructification on the back of the leaves or leaf -like branches 



FILICBS (p. 554). 

 Fructification on the whorled leaves. Aquatic plant 



OHABA (p. 547). 

 ^Sterns leafless, jointed, simple, or with whorled branches 



EQUISETUM (p. 551). 

 Stems bearing numerous small leaves. Spores of one kind 



LYCOPODIUM (p. 547). 



Stems bearing numerous small leaves. Spores of two kinds 



SELAGINELLA (p. 549). 

 Stem bearing a simple or branched leaf below the spike 



FILICES (p. 554). 

 ,/ Spore-cases sessile . . . . . . . .5 



4 \Spore-cases stalked 6 



f Spore-cases small, in the axils of small leaves or bracts 



LYCOPODIUM (p. 547). 



K J Spore-cases in the enlarged base of linear submerged leaves 

 1 ISOETES (p. 549). 



I Spore-cases (or involucres) globular on the rootstock at the 

 \. base of linear leaf-like fronds . . PlLULABiA (p. 550f 

 f Spore-cases globular or urn-shaped, opening with a lid 

 6 MOSSES (p. 547 \ 



(Spore-cases opening in valves . . , HEPATIC^; (p. 547). 



