144 THE ROSJC FAMILY. 



Fruit ovoid or oblong, smooth, or rarely bearing a very few sum 11 

 prickles. R, micrantha, 8m. 



In hedges and thickets, in central and southern Europe and central 

 Asia, extending northwards into Scandinavia. In Britain, chiefly in 

 southern and eastern England, apparently rare in northern and western 

 England, Scotland, and Ireland. FL early swnmer. 



4. R. canina, Linn. (fig. 332). Dog R. Rootstock woody, frequently 

 producing suckers. Steins of .several years' duration, often the first 

 year erect and simple to the height of 3 or 4 feet; the flowering stems 

 of two or more years branched, rather weak and straggling, attaining 

 6 or 8 feet in length, usually glabrous, ;m<l without glands, armed with 

 curved or hooked prickles. Leallets f> or sometimes 7, ovate, usu;llv 

 .simply toothed and glabrous, or downy on the under side, and then 

 often doubly toothed. Flowers pink or white, usually sweet-scented, 

 solitary or 3 or 4 together at the ends of the branches ; the stipules of 

 the undeveloped floral leaves forming elliptical bracts. Fruit ovoid or 

 ran-ly nearly globular, without bristles, although there are often a few 

 <>n the pedicels; the 5 divisions of the calyx persistent, spreading or 

 rcflexcd, either all dilated at the top and entire, or more frequently 

 1 pinnate on both sides, 2 on one side only, and the other 2 entire. 

 Styles free, but collected in a dense hairy mass .scarcely protruding 

 from the orifice of the calyx-tube. Central carpels always distinctly 

 stalked, according to Koch, a character which requires further verifica- 

 tion. R. cassia, Sm, 



In hedges and thickets, the commonest Rose throughout Europe and 

 Russian Asia. Abundant in Britain. FL summer, rather early. It varies 

 considerably in the foliage, either quite glabrous or more or less downy, 

 especially underneath, arid often glandular at the edges, but never so 

 much so as in A'. nit>i<jinosa, nor so downy as in Jt. villoart, from which it 

 is usually readily distinguished by the prickles and the fruit. The 

 plants usually named R. coUina, Eng. Bot., or R. systi/la, Bast., appear 

 to be generally reducible to R. canina; the character derived from the 

 free or cohering styles is sometimes deceptive. [These are referred to 

 arrenxis by Mr. I'.akrr, the first authority on the genus.") 



6. B. arvensis, Linn. (fig. 333). Field R. A much more trailing plant 

 than R. canina, often extending to many feet, with slender branches. 

 Foliage and prickles nearly as in that species, but the leaflets an; usually 

 more glabrous and shiniug on tho upper side, rarely slightly downy. 

 Prickles usually small, and much hooked. Flowers white and scentless, 

 usually 8 or 4 together at the end of the branches, rarely solitary. 

 Fruit globular or nearly so, without bristles ; the calyx-divisions mostly 

 entire, and falling off before the fruit is ripe. Styles usually united in 

 a column pro! .Hiding from the oriliee of the calyx-tube, and the carpels 

 all quite sessile, but neither of these characters appear to be quite 

 constant. 



In hedges and thickets with R. canina, in western and central 

 Europe, and often as common, but not extending so far to the north, 

 nor apparently into eastern Europe. Abundant in England and Ireland, 

 but becomes scarce in Scotland. /'/. summer, lasting much later than 

 R. canina. 



