Saxifraga.] XXXII. SAXIFRAGACE^. 167 



3. S. Hirculu.8, Linn. (fig. 378). Marsh Perennial stock still 

 shorter than in the last, and often reduced to a small tuft. Leaves 

 alternate, narrow-oblong or linear, and entire. Flowering stems ascend- 

 ing, as in S. aizoides, to about 6 inches, but terminated by a single, 

 rather large flower ; the calyx almost entirely free, with oblong, reflexed 

 divisions, not half so long as the erect, narrow- obovate or oblong, yellow 

 petals. Capsule rather large, ending in 2 spreading beaks. 



In wet moors, at high elevations, chiefly in the mountain-ranges of 

 eastern Europe, Asia, and generally round the Arctic Circle ; rare in 

 western Europe. In Britain, only in a few localities in northern 

 England, middle and southern Scotland and Ireland. Fl. August. 



4. S. hypnoides, Linn. (fig. 379). Cut-leaved S. Perennial stock 

 usually shortly creeping and rather slender, much branched with 

 numerous decumbent barren shoots, attaining, in most situations, 2 or 

 3 inches, but sometimes contracted into a short, dense tuft. Leaves 

 mostly entire, 2 or 3 lines long, narrow-linear and pointed, but some of 

 the larger ones are often 3-lobed, or even 6-lobed, and attain half an 

 inch ; they are glabrous, or more or less ciliated with slender, often 

 glandular hairs. At the ends of the shoots, and in the axils of the 

 leaves, the leaf-tufts are often somewhat enlarged and crowded into an 

 oblong head or bulb. Flowering stems 3 to 6 inches high, with very 

 few leaves, and from 1 to 6 or 8 rather large, white flowers. Calyx 

 adherent to about two-thirds the length of the capsule ; the segments 

 not one-third so long as the petals, and usually more or less pointed. 



In rather moist, rocky situations, in the mountains of western Europe, 

 descending occasionally to low, hilly districts. Not uncommon in Scot- 

 land, Ireland, Wales, and northern England, but very local in the 

 southern counties, and only in the western of these, as in Somerset and 

 north of it. FL summer. Very variable in the development of its stems, 

 leaves and flowers, in the more or less viscid hairs, and in the leaves and 

 calyx-segments. This has given rise to numerous supposed species ; and 

 to some of its varieties having been mistaken for 8. geranioides, S. mus 

 coides, and other Continental species. [S. Stembergii, Willd. (hibemica 

 Haw.), is a robust Arctic and European form, found in Ireland, with 

 obtuse lobes of the leaves and calyx. S. decipiens, Ehrh., has closer tufts 

 acute leaf-lobes, and subacute calyx-lobes. S. sponhemica, Gmel., is also 

 closely tufted, with acute leaf -lobes on long barren shoots and lanceolate 

 acute calyx-lobes ; it is the most common British form.] 



5. S. caespitosa, Linn. (fig. 380). Tufted . Very near to the last 

 but never emitting the weak, procumbent barren shoots of that species ; 

 the leaves broader, more obtuse, and more frequently lobed, and the 

 calyx-divisions also obtuse. The short, leafy stems are crowded into 

 dense tufts ; the flowering stems from 2 to 3 inches high generally 

 covered with a short glandular down, and bearing 1 or 2 white flowers, 

 smaller than in S. hypnoides. 



A high northern and Arctic plant. In Britain, only on some of the 

 highest Scotch, Welsh, and Irish mountains. Fl. summer. High alpine 

 forms of S. hypnoides have been frequently mistaken for this plant, and 

 are not indeed always easy to distinguish from it. 



6. S. granulata, Linn. (fig. 381). Meadow / Perennial stock re- 

 duced to a number of small bulbs, covered with whitish or brown hairy 

 fcales. Stems erect, 6 inches to a foot high, simple or slightly branched 



