XLIII. COMPOSITE). 447 



XXI. DORONICUM. DORONIO. 



Herbs, with perennial, often creeping stocks, long-stalked, broad 

 radical leaves, and erect flower-stems, bearing a few undivided, alternate 

 leaves, and one, or but few, rather large, yellow, radiating flower-heads. 

 Involucres hemispherical, with linear bracts of equal length. Achenes 

 and florets of Senecio, except that the achenes of the ray have no 

 pappus. 



A small genus, extending over central and southern Europe and 

 western Asia, but chiefly restricted to mountain districts. 



Radical leaves deeply cordate. Stems usually with 8 to 5 



flower-heads 1. D. Pardalianchet, 



Radical leaves narrowed or rounded at the base. Stems 



usually with 1 flower-head 2. D. plantagineum. 



1. D. Pardalianch.es, Linn. (fig. 553). Leopard 1 s-bane. Rootstock 

 more or less creeping, often woolly at the crown. Radical leaves 

 broadly ovate and deeply cordate at the base. Stems about 2 feet 

 high, with but few leaves, mostly ovate ; the lower ones stalked, but 

 embracing the stem by a broadly dilated base ; the upper ones small, 

 sessile or embracing the stem. Flower-heads generally 3 to 5, on long, 

 leafless peduncles ; the yellow rays numerous, and narrow. 



In woods, and mountain pastures, in central Europe, frequently culti- 

 vated in cottage gardens, and readily spreads in their vicinity. In 

 Britain, only as an outcast from gardens, but apparently well established 

 in several parts of England and southern Scotland. PL spring and early 

 summer. 



2. D. plantagineum, Linn. (fig. 554). Plantain D. Differs from 

 D. Pardalianches chiefly in the radical leaves, which are never cordate, 

 usually narrowed or wedge-shaped at the base, and rather strongly 

 marked with 3 or 5 ribs ; the stem-leaves narrower than in D. Pat-da- 

 lianches ; and the flower- rlfead solitary on a long terminal peduncle, or 

 very rarely, when very luxuriant, the stem bears 2 or 3 heads. 



In open, sandy woods, in central and southern Europe, from the 

 Atlantic to the eastern frontier, extending in France considerably to 

 the northward of Paris. In Britain, like the last species, only as an 

 escape from cultivation. Fl. spring and early summer. Both the species 

 vary, either glabrous or hairy, and with their leaves entire or irregu- 

 larly toothed. 



XXII. ARCTITJM. BURDOCK. 



A single species, distinguished as a genus from Carduus by the foliage, 

 by the bracts of the involucre ending in a long, stiff point hooked at the 

 extremity, and by the short, stiff pappus. 



1. A. Lappa, Linn. (fig. 555). Common Burdock. A stout, branch- 

 ing, erect biennial, 3 to 5 feet high, the lower heart-shaped leaves very 

 large, sometimes attaining 1 feet in length by a foot in breadth ; the 

 upper ones much smaller, and broadly ovate ; all green and nearly 

 glabrous above, often covered with a short, white, cottony down under- 

 neath, bordered by minute teeth, but not prickly. Flower-heads in 

 terminal panicles. Involucres nearly globular, glabrous or covered with 

 a loose, white, cottony wool, catching at anything they come in contact 

 with by the hooked points of their numerous bracts. Florets purple, 



