S 



LXXXVI. JUNCACE^. 47f 







Flowers in compact, ovoid heads. 



Flower-heads 3 or 4, the outer ones pedicellate . . 4. L. eampestrig. 



Flower-heads nearly sessile, forming a dense terminal spike . 6. L. spicata. 



1. L. pilosa, Willd. (fig. 1077). Hairy W. Stock branched and 

 tufted, with creeping offsets. Stems slender and erect, 6 inches to a 

 foot high. Leaves chiefly radical or near the base of the stem, linear 

 and grass-like, 2 or 3 inches long, more or less fringed with long, 

 white hairs. Flowers all distinct, or very rarely 2 together; the 

 central one nearly sessile, the others on slender peduncles, either 

 simple and 1 -flowered or more or less branched, forming an irregular 

 terminal panicle. Each flower has 2 or 3 scarious bracts at its base. 

 Perianth-segments very pointed, of a shining brown. Capsule longer 

 or scarcely shorter than the perianth. Seeds with a soft, loose, oblique 

 or curved appendage at the top. 



In woods and on banks, common in Europe and Russian Asia, from 

 the Mediterranean to the Arctic regions, and in North America. 

 Extends all over Britain. PL spring. It is usually divided into two 

 species, L. pilosa, (L. vernalis, DC.), with an obtuse capsule and the 

 appendage of the seed decidedly curved, and L. Forsteri, DC., with 

 an acuminate capsule and the appendage straight or nearly so, but 

 the character of the appendage is very variable, and does not cor- 

 respond with the differences in habit which it is sometimes sup- 

 posed to do. The var. Forsteri is confined to the southern half of 

 England. 



2. L. sylvatica,-Qaud. (fig. 1078). Great IF. Easily known among 

 British species by its large size ; the stems attaining 1 to 2 feet or 

 more, and the leaves a breadth of 3 or 4 lines and a length of above a 

 foot. Flowers in little clusters of 2 or 3, in a large, loose, compound 

 panicle. Perianth rather smaller than in L. pilosa, the segments 

 broader but with a fine point. Capsule nearly of the same length. 

 Seeds without any appendage. L. maxima, DC. 



In woods, chiefly in hilly districts, in western, southern, and central 

 Europe, as far as central Germany and western Scandinavia. Extends 

 all over Britain. Fl. early summer. 



3. L. arcuata, Hook. (fig. 1079). Curved W. A small species, seldom 

 attaining 6 inches, with the leaves channelled almost as in Juncus, 

 and without the white hairs of our other Luzulce. The panicle consists 

 of 3 or 4 clusters or heads of 3 or 4 flowers each, about half the size 

 of those of L. pilosa; the central cluster sessile, the others on rather 

 long, slender, curved peduncles. Capsule nearly globular, shorter 

 than the perianth. Seeds without any appendage. 



A high northern species, frequent in Arctic Europe, Asia, and 

 America. In Britain only on the summits of some of the highest 

 Scotch mountains. Fl. summer. 



4. L. campestris, Br. (fig. 1080.) field W. The foliage, stature, 

 and white hairs are those of L. pilosa, but the flowers, instead of 

 being single, are collected 6 to 8 or more together in close ovoid 

 heads or clusters, of which from 3 to 6 form a small terminal panicle ; 

 the central cluster sessile, the others on slender peduncles varying 

 from a line or two to an inch in length. Perianth-segments very 

 pointed, brown, with light-coloured shining edges, about 1^ lijies long. 

 Capsules shorter and obtuse, 



