94 READINGS IN EVOLUTION, GENETICS, AND EUGENICS 



sum of the Cro-jMagnon characters is certainly Asiatic rather than 

 African, whereas in the Grimaldis (of which specimens have been 

 found in association with Cro-Magnons at the Grotte des Enfants, 

 Mentone) the sum of the characters is decidedly negroid or African." 



The Cro-Magnons again show by their elaborate burial customs 

 how old and well founded is the belief in life after death. They are 

 supposed to be the people who left on the walls of the caverns of France 

 and Spain the marvelous examples of Upper Palaeolithic art of which 

 Professor Osborn's book gives so adequate a description. They 

 lived for a while contemporaneously with the men of Neanderthal and 

 may have contributed somewhat to the final extinction of the latter. 

 In the course of time, however, they too declined, although to this 

 day survivors of the race may be seen in Dordogne, at Landes, near 

 the Garonne in Southern France, and at Lannion in Brittany. Osborn 

 says: 



The decHne of the Cro-Magnons, with their artistic culture, 

 ''may have been par tly due to environmental causes and the abandon- 

 ment of their vigorous nomadic mode of life, or it may be that they had 



reached the end of a long cycle of psychic development We 



know as a parallel that in the history of many civilized races a period 

 of great artistic and industrial development may be followed by a 

 period of stagnation and decline without any apparent environmental 



cause." 



Europe was repopulated after Cro-Magnon decline by later 

 invaders from the Asiatic realm, the so-called Mediterranean narrow- 

 headed and the Alpine 'broad-headed types, etc., probably differen- 

 tiated in Asia in early Palaeolithic times. The repopulation took 

 place in the Upper Palaeolithic. 



EVIDENCES OF HUMAN ANTIQUITY 



Great variation. — These, briefly summarized, are, first, great 

 variation. If man is monophyletic, that is, derived from a single 

 prehuman species, and there is no reason to believe otherwise, he must 

 be old, for while the adaptations to ground-dwelling after the descent 

 from the trees were doubtless relatively rapidly acquired, the differen- 

 tiation into the various races, due perhaps largely to climatic influ- 

 ences rather than to any notable environmental change, must have 

 been slowly attained. As corroborative evidence we have but to 

 point to the mural paintings on Egyptian monuments, dating back 



