272 THE STATUS OF MAN. 



hout any natural centre of habitation into one species. Almost 

 every country has its Jews, one species to every country. 



More important as a barrier between species, and as a cause 

 for the specific differentiation than religious tradition, and 

 ranking almost with great physical differences which cause 

 a mutual aversion, ranks the complex of causes which is pe- 

 culiar to man and which we might call the privileged trans- 

 mission of the material factors in individual development. 



Not every man starts in life with the same opportunities for 

 self-development. Some young people not only have the tradit- 

 ions and culture of their well-educated parents to start with, 

 but these parents provide them with the means of a free de- 

 velopment, give them the economic independence which frees 

 them from giving at a low age all their best energy to a mere 

 getting-on in the world. Such people are able to choose their 

 life according to special ability much more effectively than 

 those individuals whose parents cannot provide for them. 

 This freedom to give relatively more time to reading and think- 

 ing and learning, to what we call culture, has a great influ- 

 ence upon the men and women who have the good fortune to 

 receive it. It sets apart these people from the uncultured as 

 effectively as the use of a different language does. We can- 

 not be far wrong if we state, that to the cultured Englishman, 

 the English miners are much more foreigners than the French 

 people are. Culture and money, of which it is often a result, 

 are effective barriers between groups that can be species or 

 develop into species. 



The inheritance of property, landed estate for instance, 

 from parents to children, in the first place tends to split up a 

 nation into at least two component species, a cultured, posses- 

 sing species and a non-cultured and non-possessing one. It is 

 "obvious that this need not be always true. If there is enough 

 to go round, we may have a state of affairs in which the accum- 

 ulation of property by any of the people does not hinder 

 others from doing the same. In a newly settled country the 

 holding of land and the deeding of land to children does not 



