THE STATUS OF MAN. 281 



sing one member of a species is as good as another. If somebody 

 employs us to teach him how to make Holstein cattle out of his 

 scrub cows, we can save him a lot of money by telling him to 

 grade up his cows by repeated back-crossing, and for the first 

 two generations or so, to buy bulls that have pure Holstein an- 

 cestry of the best quality, but who are to be had cheaply be- 

 cause of some varietal distinctive character, for instance to buy 

 a red and white "cull" first and a blue and white next. 



Mass immigration will certainly affect the species inhabiting 

 the country where the immigrants come, provided they are 

 "mixers". Especially if the immigration goes into a "new" 

 country, where there are plenty of natural resources, and there- 

 fore good chances for getting on in the world, through personal 

 effort. For in such countries some of the immigrants will work 

 themselves up. and marry into the cultured classes, or marry 

 their children into them, and some of the same origin will stay 

 low down with the lowliest. Mass immigration certainly has 

 tended to make one species out of the white inhabitants of the 

 United States. And specific unity and democracy help each 

 other along. The people of the United States have uftity and 

 they have a democracy. To outsiders, trained to observe in 

 their own country, some measures which he sees go into effect, 

 will look undemocratic, that is, he may feel that his people 

 would not tolerate them. As an exemple of a small thing we 

 might point to the obligatory wearing of gauze masks as 

 measure against Spanish Influenza. But if one sees that the 

 people do suffer arbitrary rules and do not chafe under them, 

 one begins to marvel at the very great unity of the people, the 

 very real democracy. For after all, real democracy is only real 

 unity, and has nothing to do with freedom. It has been con- 

 founded with freedom only, through the circumstance, that it 

 means freedom to hitherto unfree sections of a people. Rules 

 of conduct will be popular and universally adopted if they 

 correspond with usual conduct, if they are prescribed by essen- 

 tiUay typical individuals. 

 There is a happy conservative tendency in man to idealize 



