THE GREAT MOUNTAIN RANGES. 



The " Tablazo " or Plains Country of Peru. " La Garua " or Fog 

 Season. Climate and Rainfall of Kashmir. Snow-fed Rivers and 

 Crops. Climate of Ladak. The " Zoji La" Pass. Climate of 

 Central Asia. Rapid Variations of Temperature. Sun's Rays often 

 more Powerful than in India. Puna or "Mountain Sickness." The 

 Heart's Action in Mountaineering. Effects of Rarefied Air. The 

 Value of Tropical Hill Stations as Sanitaria. Sudden Ascents in Cases 

 of Malarial Disease Unwise. Darjeeling. Mount Senchal. The Story 

 of the Senchal Cantonment. Magnificent Panoramas. The Gorge of 

 The Great Ranjit. Distant Vistas of the Indian Plains. Flowering 

 Shrubs and Trees. Malaria j and Ravines. Deadly Climate of the 

 Terai. Ravines as Conduit Pipes for the Conveyance of Malaria. 

 Malarial Fever in the Mountain Districts of Central Africa. Sudden 

 Ascents to Hills often Precipitates an Attack of Fever. Daybreak in 

 the Himalayas. Ascent of Fogs from the Ravines. Fog Drift across 

 the Crest of Ridges. Mount Everest seen from Tiger Hill. High 

 Mountains in Dry Plains becoming Snow-clad. The Indian Mon- 

 soon. The Himalayan Snows. Mountains as Rain Condensers. Snow- 

 Streams. Their Rock-Cutting Power. The Great Iskardoh Gorge 

 of the Indus. Military Strength of the Indus Frontier of N.W. India. 

 Attock. Sudden Floods on the Indus. Loss of Ranjit Singh's Cavalry 

 while Crossing a Ford. Carrying Force of Mountain Torrents. Torrents 

 generally Independent of Rains. Floods caused by Sun acting 

 on the Snows. Freshets in the Rivers of the Punjab. Sacred River 

 Sources in India. Sources of the Ganges. "The Sacredness of High 

 Places." Buddhist Temples. Rock Temples of India. Egyptian Rock 

 Temples. Abu Simbel. Indian Figures of Buddha. The Mountains 

 of Moab. Balaam's Parable. The Hill Tribes of Canaan. Splendid 

 Panoramas from Mountains. Looking out from the Himalayas upon the 

 Indian Plains. Panorama from a Central African Mountain. Mountain 

 Storms. Their Grandeur. Dangers of Storms at Great Altitudes. Loss 

 of Travellers in the Snow. Destruction of a Mule Caravan in Kashmir. 

 Caravans through the Khyber Pass. Great Himalayan Passes. Immense 

 Altitudes of Some of Them. Snow Lines of the Andes. State of Snow 

 at Great Altitudes. Alpine " Tourmentes. " Dust Avalanches. Ground 

 Avalanches. The Rush of Air with Avalanches. Geographical 

 Distribution of Plants on Mountains. Mountain Forests. Professor 

 Meyen's Phytogeographical Divisions. Range of the Banana. The 

 Cocoa Nut Palm. Examination of Jungle Tracts on Mountains. Limits 

 of Palms etc. Limits of Deciduous Trees. Conifers. The Bush Belt* 

 The Glacial Region. Vegetation on the Glacial Region of Chimborazo. 

 Earth Worms and Butterflies at Great Elevations. British Government 

 Expedition to Yarkand. Difficulties of Cooking at Great Elevations. 

 Testing Heights by Thermometers. Penetrating Nature of Cold at 

 Great Altitudes. Prevalence of Toothache on High Mountains. Game 

 at Great Altitudes. Mountain Shooting. Wild Goats and Sheep. 

 American Wild Sheep. Ascent of Game from the Plains in Summer 

 to avoid " The Fly." Pasture Lands at High Altitudes. Alpine Flowers. 

 Cautions to Mountain Climbers and Hunters. Concluding Remarks. 



