BIVOUACS. 247 



upon dry socks and shoes, or a light pair of slippers, 

 are however omitted from the list of necessaries carried 

 in the bags; also a butcher's knife and steel, and a 

 small saw, instead of one of the axes, would be both 

 lighter and better. For the bags, instead of leather, 

 which is bad in wet weather, we would suggest the 

 modern brown canvass waterproof kit-bag, closed with 

 a brass handle and padlock, now sold by all outfitters, 

 which is light, durable, and good in every way for 

 carrying spare clothes and other odds and ends. 



Cartridges for breech-loaders will now of course re- 

 place the cumbersome old plan of powder flasks " et 

 hoc genus omne ;" and if the weather is cold a sheepskin 

 sleeping bag, weight just seven pounds, recommended 

 by Mr. Galton, would render a man quite independent 

 of changes of weather for the night. With even less 

 convenient appointments we have many times passed 

 a night of storm and rain in the open field without 

 serious discomfort. 



Of course these hints apply to the case of hunting 

 in wild regions only, where nothing can be obtained 

 except what the hunter carries with him, or obtains 

 as the spoils of the chase. If large animals have to be cut 

 up for transport, or their heads and skins saved as 

 trophies, butchers' knives and steel, with a small 

 hatchet, have to be taken, besides a frying-pan or 

 some sort of cooking utensils for preparing an inpromptu 

 meal, and means for lighting a fire. One or two iron 

 skewers, ten inches Jong, are light and most useful for 

 quickly cooking "kabobs," i.e., bits of meat and fat 

 alternately run on the skewer, and (cooked over hot 

 smokeless embers) nicely seasoned with pepper and salt. 

 In this latter case a frying-pan can be done without if 



