NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



valves separate in dehiscence, as in the Mustard family, where there is 



usually a false partition stretched across between the two placentae. 

 Dry fruits which are indehiscent : 



Samara, an indehiscent, one-seeded fruit 

 provided with a wing. In the Ash, the wing 

 is terminal ; in the Elm, the wing surrounds the 

 body of the pericarp; and the Maple fruit is a 

 double samara or pair of such fruits. 



Achene (figures 81-88), a general term for 

 all one-seeded, dry and hard, seedlike fruits. 

 The best examples are the fruits of the Butter- 

 cup, Anemone, Clematis and Avens. The style 

 sometimes remains on the fruit as a long and 

 feathery tail (Dandelion, figure 85), and in others 

 merely as a short hook (Buttercup, figures 86 

 an d 8 7)- In the Compositae (Sunflower family) 

 the tube of the calyx is joined with the surface 

 of the ovary, and its border or upper edge 

 appears as a crown or cup, or a set of teeth or of 



scales, or very often as a tuft of bristles or hairs, called the pappus (figures 



82-84,88). 



Utricle, a dry achenelike fruit with a thin and bladdery loose pericarp, 



like that of the Goosef oot (Chenopodium) . 



Caryopsis or grain, differs from the achene in having the seed completely 



filling the cell and its thin coats firmly consolidated throughout with the 



very thin pericarp. This term is applied to the fruits of the grass family, 



including Indian corn and all other cereals. 



Nut, a hard one-celled and one-seeded, indehiscent fruit which finds 



its best examples in the fruit of the Hazel, Beech, Oak, Chestnut etc. The 



smaller nutlike fruits of the Borrage family and of the Mint family are 



usually called nutlets. 



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