254 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



In low, wet meadows, swamps and marshes, Ontario to Manitoba and 

 South Dakota, south to Connecticut, North Carolina, Ohio and Nebraska. 

 Flowering from August to September. 



Wood or Head Betony; Lousewort 



Pedicularis canadensis Linnaeus 



Plate 205 



Stems usually several together from a perennial root, erect or ascend- 

 ing, 6 to 1 8 inches high, hairy. Leaves rather thick, oblong-lanceolate, 3 

 to 5 inches long, at least the lower on slender petioles and divided almost 

 to the midrib into numerous incised or sharply toothed segments, giving 

 the leaf a fernlike appearance. Flowers borne in short, dense, spikes 

 lengthening to 5 or 6 inches in fruit. Calyx oblique, tubular, cleft on the 

 lower side. Corolla yellow, varying to yellowish brown or purplish brown 

 in certain individuals, two-thirds to three-fourths of an inch long, tubular, 

 two-lipped, the upper lip (galea) arched, incurved, minutely two-toothed 

 below the apex, laterally compressed into a hood with the four stamens 

 ascending within it; lower lip erect with three spreading lobes. Fruit an 

 oblique capsule, flattened, lanceolate-oblong or sword-shaped, about two- 

 thirds of an inch long and one-sixth of an inch wide, fully three times the 

 length of the calyx. 



In dry woods and thickets, Nova Scotia to Manitoba, south to Florida, 

 Kansas and Colorado. Flowering from April to June. 



Narrow-leaved Cowwheat 



Melampyrum lineare Lamarck 



Plate l6sa 



A low, slender herb, 6 to 18 inches high; stem slender, puberulent, 

 with opposite, wide-spreading branches. Leaves lanceolate or linear- 

 lanceolate to ovate, opposite on the stem, short petioled, I to i^ inches long, 

 one-eighth to one-half of an inch wide, the lower ones entire, the upper 

 floral leaves mostly toothed with several bristle-pointed teeth at the base. 



