WILD FLOWERS OF NEW YORK 293 



impossible to indicate the distinguishing characters without the use of 

 technical terms. 



Ray flowers more numerous than the disk flowers; heads corymbose-paniculate (Flat- 

 topped Goldenrods) 



Leaves distinctly three-ribbed ; heads twenty to thirty-flowered 



Euthamia graminifolia 



Leaves one-ribbed; involucre campanula te, one-sixth of an inch high or less 



Euthamia tenuifolia 

 Ray flowers not more numerous than the disk flowers (True Goldenrods) 



Tips of the involucral bracts, or some of them spreading or recurved ; leaves smooth . . 



Solidago squarrosa 

 Tips of the involucral bracts all erect and appressed 



Heads in axillary clusters or also in a terminal spikelike sometimes branched 



thyrsus 



Heads one-sixth to one-fourth of an inch high, chiefly in axillary clusters; 

 achenes pubescent 



Stem and branches terete ; leaves lanceolate to oblong 



Solidago caesia 

 Stem and branches grooved or angled; leaves broadly oval, contracted 



into margined petioles Solidago flexicaulis 



Heads one-sixth to one-fourth of an inch high, chiefly in a terminal spikelike 

 thyrsus; achenes smooth or nearly so 



Rays white ; stem pubescent Solidago bicolor 



Rays yellow ; stem densely pubescent Solidago hispida 



Rays yellow; stem smooth or sparingly pubescent; leaves thick, dentate 



or the upper entire, not acuminate Solidago erecta 



Heads about one-half of an inch high; bracts elongated, pointed; leaves 



ovate Solidago macrophylla 



Heads in a terminal, simple or branched thyrsus, not at all or scarcely secund on 



its branches ; plant glabrous 

 Low alpine species, 10 inches high or usually less; heads with thirty flowers 



or more Solidago cutleri 



Taller species, not arctic-alpine 



Bracts of the involucre linear-subulate, very acute; stem puberulent. . . 



Solidago puberula 



