144 



LOBLOLLY OK NOETH CAROLINA PINE. 



son for this is that the trees often grow on small hillocks or mounds, 

 which enables the sawyer to cut low without too much discomfort in 

 stooping. Some loggers require stumps of all trees less than 16 inches 

 in diameter to be less than a foot high. A reasonable height for 

 stumps is one equal to the diameter of the tree up to 18 inches. There 

 is no necessity, however, for increasing the height of the stump above 

 18 inches; even large trees can be sawn as low as that without making 

 the sawyer stoop. (Plate XXIII.) 



TABLE 75. VALUE OP LUMBER, F. O. B., NORFOLK, VA., CONTAINED IN ONE FOOT OP SOUND STUMP. 



The loss from high stumps, as from long logs, although trifling for 

 each tree, in the aggregate amounts to a great deal at the end of a year 

 in large cuttings. The stump contains the very best quality of timber in 

 the tree, and every inch of it should be taken when possible. 



Table 75 shows the loss in lumber in every linear foot of sound 

 stump which is left unused. These values are based on the No. 1 grade 

 butt logs. 



If an additional linear foot could be utilized from only one-fourth of 

 the trees cut in a year's operation, it would add to the Norfolk value of 

 the output $360 for every million feet sawed. This is on the basis of a 

 13-inch tree, scaling 77 lS board feet Doyle-Scribner. By lowering the 

 height of the stumps and cutting the logs as short as possible, not only 

 an additional 2 feet of height may be obtained but the scale yield from 

 the tree may often be increased by throwing the logs in a larger diameter 

 class. By shortening the upper logs large knots will often be thrown 

 into the log above, which is usually of lower grade, and in this way 

 raise the grades of several boards sawed from the log below. (Page 106.) 



Another source of loss in cutting is the injury done to small trees by 

 breaking them down. This loss is not reflected in immediate operations 

 but it lessens the future yield, since it destroys trees which would prob- 

 ably have yielded several saw logs by the time of the second cut. (Plate 

 XXL) 



One of the greatest wastes in logging and one which can be greatly 

 reduced, is using vigorous young trees of pine and other valuable spe- 



