520 



NATURAL ARRANGEMENT. 



385 FerneUa J. 

 379 Ixufrt L. 

 383 Ernbdea Swz. 



302. Section 7. COFFEAYEJG. 



lig. 1. herb. 0. 

 387 Mitchella W. 

 360 JEgiphila L. 

 382 Pavetta L. 

 376 ChomehVi Jac. 

 384 Siderodendrum Jac. 

 380 Tetramerium Gae. 

 627 Coffea L. 

 650 Cephaelis Stvx. 



1 ft. 

 1 



305. ORDER CIV. OPERCULARIE\E. 



Genera 2, Species 6 ; Hot-house Species 1 ; Green-house Species 5 ; Hardy Ligneous Species 0; 

 Hardy Herbaceous Species 0. f feet ; ] feet ; ^ feet. 



Exotic weeds, nearly related to Rubiaceae. 

 that their affinity to Valerianeaj is supported by the curious circumstance, that birds devour the young shoots 



Their properties are unknown. M. de Jussieu has remarked 

 jy the curious circumstance, 1" 

 of the Opercularias as they do those of the corn-salads. Seeds or cuttings. 



328 Opercularia L. \ 329 Cryptospermum Peru. 



306. ORDER CV. VALERIA V NE^E. 



Genera 5, Species 50 ; Hot-house Species ; Green-house Species 1 ; Hardy Ltgncvus Species ; 

 Hardy Herbaceous Species 49. feet ; 13 ft. ; *= feet. 



Small herbaceous plants, more interesting for the sake of their symmetry and neatness, than on account of 

 any particular attractions : they may be considered a connecting link between Rubiftceae and Dipsacese. 

 Many of the Valerians, and all the Patrinias, are pretty plants. The Valerianellas are useful esculents, 

 known under the name of corn-salads. Their medicinal properties are of a decisive character. The roots 

 of Valerifma officinalis, P/iit, and others, are bitter, tonic, aromatic, antispasmodic, and vermifugal ; they 

 are occasionally used as febrifuges. The odor of Valerian is not generally agreeable, but the Orientals 

 collect with care, on the mountains of Austria, the roots of Valenuna ctHtica, with which they perfume their 

 baths ; and the natives of India, at this day, employ the Valerianajatamansi, the spikenard of old times, as a 

 perfume, and against hysterics and epilepsy. Division or seeds. 



20 Centranthus Dec. 

 95 Valeriana L. 



4 I 330 Patrinz'rt J. 

 19 I 86 Fcdia Moen. 



96 Valerianella Dufr. *0 18 



307. ORDER CVI. DIPSA'CE.fo 



Genera 8, Species 108 ; Hot-house Species ; Green-house Species 9 ; Hardy Ligneous Species ; 

 Hardy Herbaceous Species 99. i feet ; 25 feet ; == feet. 



Very nearly akin to Comp6site, of which they have nearly the habit. All are herbaceous plants with 

 flowers growing in heads. Some of the Scabiosas and Asterocephalus are very handsome, and popular border 

 flowers. The whole tribe is cultivated with great facility. Some of the species "of Scabibsa have been employed 

 as diaphoretic and antisyphilitic, but are now neglected. Division or seeds. 



84 Morlna L. I 3388 Succlsa Vail. *0 15 I 345 Cephalaria Schr. 



344 Zhpsacus L. *0 7 3289 Asterocephalus Vail. *0 53 347 Knafitia L. 



346 Scabiosa Vail. *0 17 I 3290 Pterocephalus Vail. 5 I 



308. ORDER CVII. CALYCE'REJE. 



Genus 1, Species 1 ; Hot-house Species 1 ; Green-house Species ; Hardy Ligneous Species 0; 

 Hardy Herbaceous Species 0. $ feet ; j feet ; ^ feet. 



Obscure weedy South American plants, differing from Composita? chiefly in the position of their ovula. 

 Seeds or cuttings. 



2459 Acicarpha J. 



309. ORDER CVIIL COMPO'SIT^. 



Genera 296, Species 2771 ; Hot-house Species 181 ; Green-house Species 609; Hardy Ligneous Species 25 ; 

 Hardy Herbaceous Species 1956. 19 ft. ; 108 feet ; ^ feet. 



A most extensive and natural order, obviously characterised by the cohesion of their anthers, and the 

 arrangement of their florets in involucrated heads, or calathidia, as they are now called. Most of them may 

 be said to be ornamental plants, and yet but a very few hold that station in the opinion of the public. It is 

 difficult to account for this circumstance, nor is this the place to enter upon such an investigation ; certain, 

 however, it is, that with the exception of georginas, the varieties of Chrysanthemum sindnse, and a few Calen- 

 dulas and Arctotises, and perhaps Tag&cs, scarcely a single Composita now finds a place in a fashionable 

 flower-garden. The prevailing colour of the flower in the order is yellow; red, purple, or scarlet being com- 

 paratively uncommon. The species inhabit every part of the world, and in all, perhaps, in nearly equal 

 proportions : in Europe and the north of the world they are chiefly herbaceous ; but within the tropics, they 

 are more frequently frutescent. Their medical properties are very important : Jussilago Farfara, Chamomile, 

 /'nula, Solidago, Virgatirea, Matricaria, Parthenium, Stevz'w febrifuga, and Xupatbrium perfoliatum are 

 instances of the presence of tonic and febrifugal properties; Tanacfetum and Santolina are anthelmintic; 

 Matricaria and the Achilleas emmenagogue; some Eupatoriums, Achilleas, Artemisias, and Calendulas are 

 sudorific; certain Liatrises are diuretic, and .Erigeron philad^lphicum is both sudorific and diuretic. 

 Ptarmica and A'rnica are sternutatory, and Spilanthcs, Siegeslx?ckz"a orientalis, ^'nthemis Pyrethrum, and 

 others, powerfully excite salivation ; finally, many Achilleas, Chamomile, Tanacetum, and Eupatoriums are 

 :cmc and antispasmodic. Others seem to possess all these properties combined, and are reckoned among the 

 best alexiterics, as the Ayapana of Brazil, and the Guaco of Peru. Every one knows the excellent and 

 eshmg flavour communicated to vinegar by Tarragon: the same effects are produced in the Alps by 

 ulli'rt nana.^rtemismglacialis, rupcstris, and spicata. Some species of ^chillert, 7;ellis, and Artemisia have 

 been used as substitutes for tea. The seeds of many Compusita?, as Mudia and Verbesina, yield a copious oil ; 



