534 



NATURAL ARRANGEMENT. 



411. ORDER CLXIX. ANTIDE'SME^E. 





Genera 2, Species 7 ; Hot-hmise Species 1 ; Green-house Species ; Hardy Ligneous Species ; 

 Hardy Herbaceous Species 0, f feet; feet; =*= feet. 



Trees, natives of the East Indies, with simple leaves and inconspicuous dioecious flowers. Stilago diandra 

 bears an acid eatable fruit, as well as the species of Antidesma ; these hang in clusters like currants. A 

 decoction of the leaves is reputed to be an antidote against the bite of serpents. Cuttings. 

 2766 Antidesma L. \ 27*6 Stilago L. 



Genera 24, Specie 



412. CLXX. URTl'CEJE. 



s 201 ; Hot-house Species 119 ; Green-house Species 27; Hardy Ligneous Species 17 ; 



Hardy Herbaceous Species 38. f 57 feet ; 14 feet ; *= feet. 

 Few are the objects in this order deserving the care of the cultivator ; it is rather extraordinary, however, 

 that those few are abundantly so. Among worthless weeds and shabby half-herbaceous shrubs, some of 

 which are covered with rough points, and others defended by stinging hairs, we find the fig, the mulberry, 

 the hemp, the hop, and the bread-fruit, all objects of the first consequence to the world. Here, also, is placed 

 the half-fabulous Upas, with which lying travellers and credulous naturalists have long deluded Europe. The 

 Upas tree is now known to be the Antiaris toxicaria, the inspissated juice of which is, indeed, a frightful 

 poison, but the baneful effects of whose branches are purely imaginary. Similar, though inferior, qualities 

 nave been found to exist in .Flcus toxicaria, and some of the Artocarpuses. The root of the black mulberry 

 is bitter, acrid, and purgative ; of Dorstem brasili^nsis, emetic ; of D. Contrayei-ba, bitter, aromatic, hot, 

 and stimulant. A decoction, or the dried leaves, of hemp, is eminently narcotic, and forms the basis of the 

 well known intoxicating Turkish drug called Bang or Haschisch. The tenacious nature of the fibres of the 

 hemp is also found in other plants of the order, especially t/rtlca cannabina, the hop, the bread-fruit tree, the 

 common stinging-nettle, and others. Cuttings, layers, division, and seeds. 



2900 Picus L. 



2583 Artocarpus L. 



2623 Madura Nut. 1 



2756 Brousson^tio Yen. 2 



2612 A/5rus L. 14 

 3414 ConoctSphalus Blume 



2613 Bcehmerio Jac. 4 

 2615 frtlca L. *0 20 



2584 Forsk6hl<?0 L. 

 2861 Parietaria L. 

 2614 Pi lea Lindl. 



2771 Cannabisi. 



2772 Htimulus L. 

 2658 2'helygonum L. 

 2729 Gnetum L. 

 2733 Cecrupza L. 



89 Gunnt:ra L. 

 339 Dorstfem'rt L. 

 2616 Prbcris Com. 

 2869 Mertensza Kth. 

 2888 Brosimum Swz. 

 3420 Galactod(?ndrom Hum. 

 P2650 Atherosperma Lab. 

 ? 2808 Peumus Pers. 



413. ORDER CLXXI. ULMA V CEJ. 



Genera 3, Species 36 ; Hot-house Species 5 ; Green-house Species 1 ; Hardy Ligneous Species 30 ; 

 Hardy Herbaceous Species 0. 84| feet ; feet ; =*= feet. 



Many of the observations upon the last order are also applicable to this, which differs rather in certain 

 technical characters, than in any arrangement of nature. The elm is its representative, from which the 

 others only slightly differ. Seeds, layers, or by grafts. 

 412 Planera MX. 2 | 814 Z/'lmus L. *19 | 2870 Celtis L. 90 



414. ORDER CLXXII. PIPERA^CE^E. 



Genera 3, Species 71 ; Hot-house Species 69 ; Green-house Species ; Hardy Ligneous Species ; 

 Hardy Herbaceous Species 2. J feet ; feet; *= 4 feet. 



The peppers are far more valuable in commerce than interesting in cultivation, their flowers being in all 

 cases very insignificant, and their leaves so uniform in appearance, as to create but little variety. Nearly the 

 whole, indeed, of the herbaceous species, or Peperomias, as they are sometimes called, are mere weeds. The 

 berry of the pepper is well known to be hot, aromatic, pungent, and stimulating; not only in the common 

 peppers of the shops, but also in P. Cubeba, Carpunga, and heterophyllum. The Piper nis&tum yields a strong 

 smell of anise ; a decoction of its berries is used in Spanish America for washing ulcers. The Piper Betel and 

 Siribba afford the Malays a powerfully acrid and exciting preparation, which, they suppose, invigorates and 

 enables them to withstand the debilitating influence of their climate. In the South Sea islands, an inebriating 

 beverage is procured by the mixture of the leaves and stems of P. inebrians with water. No pepper has yet 

 been found beyond the limits of the tropics. Saururus is the representative of the order in extra-tropical 

 countries. Cuttings, division, and seeds. 



1145 Saururus L. 



2 | 93 Piper L. 



\ 94 Peperomia R. % P. 



415. ORDER CLXXIII. JUGLA'NDEJE. 



Genera 2, Species 15 ; Hot-house Species 0; Green-house Species ; Hardy Ligneous Species 15 ; 

 Hardy Herbaceous Species 0. $_ 77 J feet ; feet ; =fe feet. 



Large trees, chiefly natives of North America, with pinnate leaves and small insignificant flowers. The 

 kernel of the nuts of all are eatable. Juglans regia is the common walnut. Seeds. 



2664 Juglans L. 5 | 2665 Carya Nut. 10 



416. ORDER CLXXIV. AMENTA V CEJE. 



Genera 16, Species 385 ; Hot-house Species 6; Green-house Species 21 ; Hardy Ligneous Species 358 ; 

 Hardy Herbaceous Species 0. { 252 feet ; feet ; ^ feet. 



Here is the group in which, all the timber trees of Europe, and most of those of all cold countries, are 

 stationed. Every genus consists of plants important to the wants of man. The alder, the birch, the willow, 

 the poplar, the oak, the chestnut, the hornbeam, and the plane, are all collected in this place, to which they 

 have been brought by the coincidence of similar fructification existing in all of them. This similarity depends 

 upon their producing flowers of one sex only, the males of which are always arrayed in catkins, of which 

 the flowers are destitute of calyx or corolla, in the place of which is produced a single scale. Their bark is 

 furnished with an astringent principle, which has rendered them valuable either for staining black, as in the 

 alder and the oak gall ; or for tanning, as in the oak ; or as febrifuges, as the alder, the birch, the oak, most of 

 the willows, and also P6pulus tremuMdes, which is well known in North America as a tonic and stomachic 

 febrifuge. The substance called tacamahaca was formerly supposed to be produced by some of the poplars, 

 but it is now believed to be obtained from a very different plant, Faga.ru octandra. The fruit of many 

 Amentacea? contains a considerable proportion of faecula, which renders it fit for the food of man and other 

 animals, as the acorns of the oak, the mast of birch, the nut of Tastknea and T6rvlus, &c. Layers and 

 seeds. 



