218 CATALOGUE. — PHILOSOPHY AND ARTS, HISTORY OF MECHANICS. 



Pins brought from France 

 Needles made in England 



Printing invented by Faust 1441 



Delft ware invented at Florence 1450 



Printing thade public by Gutenberg 1458 

 Wood cuts invented 1460 



Casts in plaster, by Verocchio 14*0 



Watches made at Nuremberg 1477 



Diamonds polished at Bruges 1489 



Hats made at Paris 1504 



Etching on copper invented 1512 



Proportional compasses invented by 



L. da Vinci, before 1519 



Spinning wheel invented by Jiirgen 

 of Brunswick 1530 



1543 

 1545 



Stockings first knit in Spain about 1550 

 Many Flemish weavers were driven 

 to England by the Duke of Alva's 

 persecution 156? 



Three clockmakers came to England 



from Delft 1568 



Log line used 1570 



Coaches used in England 1580 



Stocking weaving invented by Lee of 



Cambridge 1589 



A slitting mill erected at Dartford 1590 

 The dimensions of bricks regulated 1625 

 Vernier's index made known 1031 



Clocks and watches generally used 



about 1631 



Bows and arrows still used in Eng- 

 land, and artillery with stone bullets l640 

 Newton born 1642 



Fromantil is said to have applied 



pendulums to clocks in 1655 



Hooke's watch with a balance spring 1658 

 Threshing machines with flails in- 

 vented 1700 

 China made at Dresden 1702 

 China made at Chelsea 1753 

 Wedgwood's improvements in pot- 

 tery 1 763 

 Muslins made in England 1781 



In 1787 about 23 million pounds of cotton were manu- 

 factured in Britain ; about 6 were imported from the British 

 colonies, 6 from the Levant, and lo from the settlements of 

 other European nations. Half the quantity was employed 

 in white goods, one fourth in fustians, one fourth in ho- 

 siery, mixtures, and candle wicks ; giving employment to 

 60 000 spinners, and 360 000 other manufacturers. In 1791, 

 the quantity was increased from 23 millions to 32. 



The value of the wool annually manufactured in England 

 is about 3 millions sterling ; it employs above a million per- 

 sons, who receive for their work about 9 millions. 



Thread has been,spun so fine as to be sold for L.4 an 

 ounce ; lace for L.40. 



The premiums annually proposed by the society for the 

 encouragement of arts, enable us to form some opi- 

 nion of the present state of our machinery and manufac- 

 tures. Some of their objects are, a substitute for white 

 lead paint, a red pigment, a machine for cardin.; silk, cloth 

 made from hop stalks, paper made from raw vegetables, 

 transparent paper, the prevention of accidents from horses 

 falling, cleaning turnpike roads, machines for raising coals, 

 and for making bricks, instruments for harpooning whales ; 

 machines for reaping or mowing corn, for dibbling wheat, 

 for threshing ; a family mill, a gunpowder mill, a quarry 

 of millstones 3 and a mode of boring and blasting rocks 

 1803. 



