2176 



CATALOGUE. — ACUSTICS, SPEECH. 



*Kratzenstein Tentaraen coronatum de voce. 

 Kratzenstein on the imitation of the human 

 voice. A. Petr. 1780. IV. ii. H. l6. 



Made pipes imitating the vowels. 



*Kratzenstein on the vowels, Roz. XXI. 



358. 



Figures of the different pipes. 

 Gough on the variety of voices. Manch. M. 



V.58. 



Deduces the variety of tones from different combinations 

 of imperfect unisons. 



Goiigh on ventriloquism. Manch. M.V. 650. 

 Mich. 8.TI. 122. V. 247- 



Attributes the effect to the reflection of sound. 



Nicholson on ventriloquism. Nich. 8. IV. 

 202. V. 247. 



Shows that the effect is in general only a fallacy. 



Gibbon's life, quoted by Cavallo. N. Ph. I. 



« A rapid orator pronounces about two English words .in 

 a second." h 



A Description of Articulate Sounds, with Ap- 

 propriate Characters. 



Classes of Letters. 



Class 1. Pure vowels consist of a vocal 

 sound formed in the larynx, not interrupted 

 by the tongue and lips, nor passing in any 

 degree through the nose. 



Class 2. Nasal vowels consist of a vocal 

 sound, passing without interruption through 

 both the mouth and the nose. 



Class S. Pure semivowels consist of a vo- 

 cal sound, much impeded in its passage, yet 

 capable of being prolonged, not passing 

 through the nose. 



Class 4. Nasal semivowels consist of a vo- 

 cal sound, stopped in the mouth, and passing 

 only through the nose. 



Class S. Mixed semivowels consist of a 

 vocal sound, much impeded in its passage 

 through the mouth, and passing partly through 

 xbe nose. 



Class 6. Explosive letters consist of a vocal 

 sound, stopped in its passage. 



Class 7. Susurrant or whispering letters 

 have no vocal sound, but are capable of being 

 continued. 



Class 8. Mute letters have no vocal sound, 

 and are incapable of being sounded alone or 

 continued. 



Class 1. Pure vowels." 

 E. The tongue and lips in their most na- 

 tural position, without exertion. 



A. The tongue drawn backwards, and a 

 little upwards, so as to contract the passage 

 immediately above the larynx. 



0. The contraction of the mouth greatest 

 innnediately under the uvula. The lips must 

 be also somewhat contracted. 



U.^The contraction continued below the 

 whole of the soft palate. 



1. The contraction formed by bringing the 

 tongue nearly into contact with the bony pa- 

 late. 



From these principal vowels all others may 



be deduced by considering them as partaking 

 more or less of the nature of each, accordingly 

 as they are situated nearer to them in this 



scheme. 



O 



a 



V 



Class 2. Nasal vowels. 

 The nasal vowels are derived from the pure 

 vowels by lowering the soft palate so as to 



