KOTIFERA. 45 



a few days after he had left the flask standing open. The vessel 

 which he placed near the apparatus contained on the following day 

 Yibriones and Monads, to which were soon added larger polygastric 

 Infusoria, and afterwards Rotifera.* To the organisation of this 

 higher form of Infusoria, which are always the last to appear in 

 infusions, I now proceed. 



The Rotifera are so called on account of the aggregation of their 

 cilia into circular or semicircular groups upon lobes or processes of 

 the head, which resemble rudiments of the ciliated tentacles of the 

 higher or Ciliobrachiate Polypes, f By the vibration of these cilia, 

 which occasions the appearance of little wheels in rapid motion, 

 strong currents are produced in the surrounding water, and they thus 

 serve as the instruments for locomotion and the prehension of food. 

 The body in the Rotifera is more or less elongated or vermiform. It 

 is provided, at its posterior extremity, with a pair of slender and 

 pointed claspers, protected by a sheath, into which they can be re- 

 tracted when not in use. These appendages are longer than the body 

 in some species, as the Notommata Tigris : their sheath is much elon- 

 gated and slightly annulated in the Brachioni : it is telescopiform in 

 Scaridium : both claspers and sheath are wanting only in the AnurcBus. 

 The integument of the body is smooth, and never ciliated : although 

 the parasitic jointed fibres of Hygrocrocis, which attach themselves 

 sometimes to the integument of the larger species, as Kotommata 

 centrura, give it that appearance. In ChcBtonotus and Philodina 

 aculeata the integument is beset with stiff bristles. The Polyarthrce 

 have long jointed filaments, like the rays of a fish's fin, attached to 

 the sides of the body ; indicating the first rudiments of lateral 

 members. 



Not any of the species are known to secrete a silicious shell ; but 

 many of them are provided with a transparent gelatinous case, into 

 which they can contract their bodies ; thus offering another analogy 

 to the Ciliobrachiate Polypes, and also to the bivalve-sheathed Ento- 

 mostraca. The principal loricate genera are Noteus, Amiresa, Bra- 



* XXXrV. vol. xxiii p. 165. PI. 1. fig. 2. gives a representation of the simple 

 and effectual apparatus devised by Prof. Schulze. In a glass of water containing 

 decaying Spirogyra Cohn first observed Paramcecium Aurelia, which was followed 

 in quick succession by Baker's Proteus, Lacrimaria Proteus or Trachelocerca Olon 

 Chilodon cucullatus, species of Cdpoda, Euplotes of large size with green globules 

 inside, and the colourless Euplotes Charon. All these succeeded each other in the 

 course of three weeks. Then came the Rotifers. 



t Ehrenberg remarks that the Rotifera are " Bryozoa without the power of pro- 

 pagating by gemmation." — XI. p. 384. 



