374 



LECTURE XVII. 



inner margin of the mandibles is armed with three or four sharp 

 laniariform processes. In some insects the upper dentations of the 

 mandibles have a trenchant edge, like canine teeth ; while the lower 

 ones are broad and framed for bruising, like molar teeth, as in the 

 cockchaffer or the locust. The maxillaa usually coi'respond with the 

 mandibles in their general characters ; but the teeth, which may be 

 developed from their inner edge, are more uniform and delicate : 

 their terminal piercing hook in the tiger-beetles is moveable. The 

 maxillae are often clothed with short hairs. 



The mandibles of the bee-tribe are simple, but strong and tren- 

 chant ; they are most important instruments in the economy of the 

 different species, and are modified accordingly. They model the 

 waxen cells in the honey-bee, and form the nest in the wild-bees. In 

 Anthophora retusa, the species whose trophi are figured in 149, the 



149 



Mouth and head of a wild bee. 



mandibles (/) are notched at the apex. The maxillae {g) and 

 labium are lengthened out to form the proboscis, but especially the 

 labial palpi {k) and the lingual appendage or ligula (*), which has 

 also two feelers, called " paraglossae " (**), developed from its base, 

 and has its upper surface and sides beset with hairs. In the under 

 view of the honey-sucking and pollen-sweeping apparatus of the bee, 

 added iofig. 149, m is the submentum, 1 the cardo of the maxilla, 2 

 the stipes, g the lacinia or blade of the maxilla, h the maxillary palp, 



