CEPHALOPODA, 587 



sides of the pharynx ; they each include a simple layer of salivary 

 follicles, the secretion of which escapes by a single perforation in the 

 middle of the process. 



The lining membrane of the pharynx is disposed in numerous longi- 

 tudinal folds, where it begins to contract into the oesophagus. This 

 tube, having passed through the nervous coUar, dilates into a capacious 

 crop, from the bottom of which a contracted canal, half an inch in 

 length, is continued to an oval gizzard. The intestine commences 

 near the cardiac orifice, and soon communicates with a small round 

 laminated pouch, through which the biliary secretion passes to the 

 intestine. This canal forms two abrupt inflections, and terminates in 

 the branchial cavity near the base of the funnel close to the probos- 

 cidian end of the oviduct. 



The epithelium of the oesophagus and ingluvies is developed into a 

 thick cuticular membrane with minute ridges in the gizzard. In the 

 specimen dissected by me the crop and gizzard were laden with the 

 fragments of a small crab, the pieces being more comminuted in the 

 gizzard. 



The liver is a bulky gland, extending on each side of the crop as 

 low down as the gizzard; it is divided into four lobes, connected 

 posteriorly by a fifth transverse portion : the lobes are subdivided 

 into numerous lobules of an angular form. The secretion of the bile 

 is derived, as in other mollusks, from arterial blood ; it is conveyed 

 firom the liver by two main trunks, which unite into one duct, about 

 two lines from the laminated sac. The bile, having entered the sac, 

 is diverted by a peculiar development and disposition of one of the 

 laminae from flowing towards the gizzard. The follicular structure of 

 this and the other folds of membrane indicate their glandular character; 

 and the entire laminated pouch may be considered as a more developed 

 form of pancreas than the simple caecum which represents that gland 

 in some of the Gastropods. No other foreign secretion enters the 

 alimentary canal, as there is not any ink-gland in the Pearly NautUus. 

 The heart and large vessels, with their follicular appendages, are 

 contained in a large cavity, subdivided into several compartments, 

 which I have termed pericardium ; it is separated from the branchial 

 cavity by a strong membranous partition, in which the following ori- 

 fices are observable. In the middle the termination of the rectum, 

 to the left of this the orifice of the oviduct, and on each side at the 

 roots of the anterior branchiae there is a small mamillary eminence 

 with a transverse slit, which conducts from the branchial cavity to 

 one of the compartments of the pericardium containing two clusters 

 of venous glands. There are also two similar, but smaller, slits con- 

 tiguous to one another, near the root of the posterior bronchia on 



