OUR SUBORDINATE PERSONALITIES. 117 



Dr. Carpenter continues : " Or if the spinal cord be 

 cut across without the removal of the brain, the lower 

 limbs may be excited to movement by an appropriate 

 stimulant, though the animal has clearly no power 

 over them, whilst the upper part remains under its 

 control as completely as before." 



Why are the head and shoulders " the animal " more 

 than the hind legs under these circumstances ? Neither 

 half can exist long without the other ; the two parts, 

 therefore, being equally important to each other, we 

 have surely as good a right to claim the title of " the 

 animal " for the hind legs, and to maintain that they 

 have no power over the head and shoulders, as any 

 one else has to claim the animalship for these last. 

 "What we say is, that the animal has ceased to exist as 

 a frog on being cut in half, and that the two halves 

 are no longer, either of them, the frog, but are simply 

 pieces of still living organism, each of which has a 

 soul of its own, being capable of sensation, and of 

 intelligent psychological action as the consequence of 

 its sensations, though the one part has probably a 

 much higher and more intelligent soul than the other, 

 and neither part has a soul for a moment comparable 

 in power and durability to that of the original frog. 



"Now it is scarcely conceivable," continues Dr 

 Carpenter, " that in this last case sensations should be 

 felt and volition exercised through the instrumentality 

 of that portion of the spinal cord which remains con- 

 nected with the nerves of the posterior extremities, 

 but which is cut off from the brain. For if it were so, 

 there must be two distinct centres of sensation and 



