CESTODA 61 



altogether overlooked. Every pathologist is familiar with 

 gritty particles in the various viscera of man and animals, but 

 few are probably aware how constantly these are dead and 

 degenerated Cysticerci. The gritty particle itself may be 

 reduced to the merest point, no larger than the receptaculum 

 capitis of the Cysticercus itself, and in course of time it will 

 disappear entirely. Practically it is satisfactory to have experi- 

 mental evidence of the fact that cattle, as well as other animals, 

 however extensively measled they may have been, can become 

 thoroughly cleansed of the disorder by nature herself. It is 

 only necessary that the diseased animals be separated from 

 infectious influences. 



Although the beef measle has never yet been found in 

 man, I have for convenience sake introduced the facts of 

 larval parasitism in this place. The sanitary bearings of this 

 subject are far too important to be dismissed in a summary 

 manner. I have shown that the prevalence or rarity of the 

 beef tapeworm in man is strictly dependent upon the habits of 

 the people ; this same cause operating to produce healthy or 

 diseased meat-food, according to the degree of civilisation. In 

 this^onnection the oft-quoted statements of Kaschin respecting 

 the prWalence of tapeworms among the Burates, and the well- 

 known frequency of this entozoon in Abyssinia, need only be 

 alluded to. 



When discussing the food question in my ' Manual/ I freely 

 availed myself of facts privately communicated by Dr. Joseph 

 Fleming, and I especially referred to the published labours of 

 Lewis, Hewlett, Veale, and other observers stationed in India. 

 Beef measles are extremely common in the cattle of the north- 

 west provinces of India, so much so that severe restrictions 

 have been imposed upon the consumption of ration beef. The 

 presence of a few measles in the flesh of cattle has been deemed 

 a sufficient excuse for condemning and burying entire car- 

 cases. The measle is easily distinguished from that of 

 mutton and pork by the fact that its head is not furnished 

 with hooks, whilst in the place of a rostellum there is a small, 

 centrally placed, retractile disk, which assumes the appearance 

 of a supplementary sucker as in the adult worm. The four 

 true suckers are also comparatively large. The measle usually 

 varies in size from the fourth to the half of an inch in length, 

 but my cabinet contains a specimen nearly an inch long. This 

 was contributed by Dr J. Fleming, who mentions having seen 



