90 PARASITES OP MAN 



membrane, overlying a double, finely-granular corium, the 

 latter being traversed by a branched system of aquiferous 

 vessels. These vessels proceed from a central spot, which 

 marks the position of the so-called head-cone, or receptaculum 

 capitis. It is, in fact, the first well-marked indication of that 

 flask-shaped capsule within which the head, neck, and body of 

 the Cysticercus is formed, and which Goeze long ago very aptly 

 compared to a lantern. As growth proceeds, a central granular 

 mass forms the true foundation of the head, its upper or stalk- 

 like extension becoming the future neck and body. Further 

 changes result in the evolution of the internal water- vascular 

 system, the calcareous corpuscles, the marginal transverse fold- 

 ings of the body, the four suckers, the rostellum, and, in 

 particular, the double coronet of hooks. All these metamor- 

 phoses were minutely followed and described by Leuckart, who 

 found the development of the larva to be completed within the 

 space of ten weeks. 



As regards the injurious effects of this parasite upon man, 

 it may be said to act prejudicially in three separate ways. I 

 have remarked in my ' Entozoa/ that this parasite may cause 

 disease and death both by its action in the larval and adult 

 states. It may likewise injure us by rendering the flesh of 

 swine unwholesome. 



When one or more sexually- mature tapeworms have developed 

 themselves within the human intestine, they are apt to give rise to 

 a variety of unpleasant symptoms, more or less marked accord- 

 ing to the habit or irritability of the patient. According to 

 Davaine (p. 103 of his ' Traite ') the principal features are 

 " vertigo, noises in the ears, impairment of sight, itching of the 

 nose and anus, salivation, dyspepsia and loss of appetite, colic, 

 pains over the epigastrium and in different parts of the abdo- 

 men, palpitation, syncope, the sensation of weight in the 

 abdomen, pains and lassitude in the limbs, and emaciation." 

 In ordinary cases there is always more or less anxiety and 

 restlessness; but in severe cases the sympathetic symptoms 

 are very strongly marked, showing themselves in hysterical fits, 

 chorea, epilepsy, and epileptiform seizures, attended by more 

 or less alarming convulsions. 



Amongst some of the more interesting and remarkable cases 

 recorded in our English journals, I may instance that of Mr 

 Hutchings, where a complete cure followed the evacuation of 

 the worm which had produced convulsions. Mr Tuffnell records 



