106 PARASITES OF MAN 



Monstrum, &c./ Berlin, 1839. CuUingworth, C. J., "Notes on 

 a remarkable specimen of Tapeworm (Tania lopliosoma, Cob- 

 bold)/' <Med. Times and Gaz./ Dec., 1873. Davaine, ' Les 

 Cestoides/ 1. c., p. 570. Diesing, ' Zwanzig Arten von 

 Cephalocotyleen/ figs. 1 and 2, taf. ii (aus dem xii, Bd. d. 

 denkschr. d. Math.-nat. Cl. d. k. Akad.), Wien, 1856. Dujar din, 

 1. c., p. 619. Heller, 1. c., s. 600. Kuchenmeister, 1. c., Eng. 

 edit., p. 139. Leuckart, 1. c., s. 303 and 465. Levacher, ' Journ. 

 PInstitut/p. 329, 1841. Pittard, 8. R., Remarks in his article 

 " Symmetry," Todd's ' Cyclop./ vol. iv, p. 848, 1849-52, in 

 which he refers to a monstrous Bothriocephalus (T. lata) in the 

 Hunterian Museum, old ' Catalogue of Nat. Hist./ pi. iv, p. 50, 

 No. 205; see also my 'Catalogue/ 1. c., supra, No. 167. 

 Ransom, in Reynolds' ' System of Medicine.' Rudolphi, 

 ' Synops./ p. 545 and 598-9, with fig. showing the heads of 

 Cystic. SimuB (biceps), widely apart, 1819. Weinland (T. 

 megaloon), in Zoolog. Garten, Frankf., 1861, s. 118. Idem, 

 'Essay/ 1. c., p. 11. 



Bothriocephalus latus, Bremser. This species, though seldom 

 seen in England, is sometimes brought hither by persons who 

 have been residing for a time in foreign countries. It is indi- 

 genous in Ireland, and, though by no means common there, has 

 been called the Irish Tapeworm. As regards its distribution 

 in Europe it is much more prevalent in some districts than in 

 others. On this point Leuckart remarks that "foremost amongst 

 these are the cantons of West Switzerland, with the adjacent 

 French districts. In Geneva, according to Odier, almost a 

 fourth part of all the inhabitants suffer from Bothriocephalus. 

 It is also common in the north-western and northern provinces 

 of Russia, in Sweden, and in Poland. In Holland and Belgium it 

 is likewise found, but, on the whole, not so frequently as in the 

 first-named countries. Our German fatherland also harbours 

 them in some districts, especially in eastern Prussia and Pome- 

 rania, and there have appeared cases in other places, as in 

 Rhenish Hesse, Hamburg, and even in Berlin ; these being 

 apparently spontaneous instances." 



Unlike the ordinary tapeworms, the segments of the broad 

 tapeworm do not individually separate so as to become indepen- 

 dent organisms, a circumstance which is highly favorable to the 

 bearer. Its remarkable breadth, and the extremely numerous 

 and closely-packed proglottides, impart a sufficiently distinctive 

 character ; but this parasite may be more fully characterised as 



