PROTOZOA 277 



regards the bacteria as allied to the OscillitoriaceaB He puts 

 them in his order SMzosporea. It is of little moment, 

 practically, where these protista forms are placed. Unquestion- 

 ably many of them are parasitic, as they live in the tissues, 

 fluids, and secretions of animal bodies, including man. Their 

 presence in cattle is associated with an anthracoid disease 

 (charbon), whilst in the human body they have been detected in 

 connection with zymotic affections. They have been found by 

 Cohn, Sanderson, Klebs, Chauveau, and others, either in the 

 lymph of vaccine pustules, or in the miliary eruptions of typhus 

 fever. Professor Beale, who was one of the first to observe 

 these special organic particles in vaccine lymph, denies that 

 they are true Bacteria; and, indeed, he warmly disputes the 

 inferences that have generally been drawn from the fact of the 

 presence of such particles in lymph, blood, and other nutrient 

 fluids. The best known and defined forms are Bacterium 

 termo and Bact. lineola, which are concerned in the production 

 of putrefaction, Bacillus anthracis, found in the blood of animals 

 suffering from carbuncular disease, Micrococcus septicus, found 

 in typhus and pyaemia, M. vaccina of cow-pox lymph, and M. 

 diphthericus, in diphtheria. As regards their prevalence in 

 certain forms of relapsing fever, Sanderson states that Dr H. Y. 

 Carter, of Bombay, examined the blood of 250 fever patients 

 and found spirilla in nearly every instance. From the inde- 

 pendent observations of Pasteur, Sanderson, Lister, Tyndall, 

 Bastian, Eberth, Eoberts, Davaine, and many others, it seems 

 clear that the Bacteria and their allies play an important part in 

 association with certain morbid states. However, as regards 

 the etiology of the maladies in which these organisms are found, 

 it is perhaps too early to speak with absolute confidence. The 

 subject cannot be dealt with here ; moreover, it is outside the 

 range of my personal investigations. 



Passing to those protozoa which, although retaining some 

 vegetable affinities, are more or less distinctively animal, I 

 notice the obscure organisms termed psorosperms. In dealing 

 with these I shall treat of the forms that infest both man- and 

 animals, confining my remarks to such as happen to have come 

 under my own observation. 



In the year 1865 the public were thoroughly roused to a 

 sense of danger arising from the consumption of meat. The 

 panic originated with the outbreaks of trichiniasis in Germany. 

 During the excitement which subsequently prevailed at the time 



