QUADRUMANA 289 



SECTION I (MAMMALIA). 



In dealing with this class of hosts, exclusive of man, I shall 

 notice the entozoa of the various orders successively, taking 

 the arrangement which I employed many years since when 

 writing the Mammalian Division of a popular treatise called the 

 ' Museum of Natural History/ The internal parasites of those 

 orders which happen to embrace important domesticated 

 animals will necessarily receive more attention than the others; 

 some notice of the ectozoa being likewise added. 



PAET I. QUADKUMANA (Monkeys). 



Monkeys are less afflicted with flukes than most animals. 

 The species known to me are Distoma laciniatum , found by 

 Brongniart in the pancreas of Simia maimon ; D. orbiculare and 

 Amphistoma emarginatum, from the intestines of Cebus trivir- 

 gatus ; and Bilharzia hcematobia, a single specimen of which I 

 obtained from Cercopithecus fuliginosns. The monkeys of the 

 Old World rarely harbor full-grown tapeworms, but Cysticerci 

 are abundant (Cyst, tenuicollis, C. cellulosa, C. pileatus, C. 

 crispus). The common hydatid (Echinococcus polymorphous) has 

 been found in many of the Simiae, and by myself in a 

 Madagascar lemur (L. macaco). Dr Leidy also obtained three 

 hydatid cysts from a large monkey. On the last day of the 

 year 1857 I obtained some polycephalous hydatids (Coenurus 

 lemuris) from a ring- tailed lemur. They infested the liver, 

 being more abundant in the lungs. They occupied both sides 

 of the chest. Loose and detached specimens also existed in the 

 cavity of the right pleura. Most of those occupying the chest 

 were connected to the pleura, forming vesicular, semi-transparent 

 masses, varying in size from a filbert to a large walnut, many 

 being united in bundles of much larger size. One of these 

 masses is here drawn (1, fig. 54). It consists of four large 

 Coenuri, their combined pedicles forming a single stalk. A fifth 

 hour-glass-shaped rudimentary Coenurus is also visible. Every 

 Coenurus supports a variable number of lobules, each lobe sup- 

 porting one or more papillae. Here and there the papillae 

 resemble chains of beads. No trace of tapeworm heads could 

 be seen, but under a half-inch objective glass, I found some 

 flat papillae presenting oval depressions at the surface (2, fig. 54). 



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