300 



PARASITES OF ANIMALS 



subsequently found 



teinSlafion of\T a repr r o: 



this entozoon in man (1875), a second 

 instance being recorded later on (1878). 

 Another species of canine liver fluke has 

 been described by Prof. Ercolani (J>. 

 campanulatum) , besides which there is 

 the winged species occupying the small 

 intestines (Holostoma alatum). This 

 latter is also found in Canis azarce. 



The tapeworms of the dog are not 

 only numerous, but also particularly 

 injurious, alike to their bearers and to 

 mankind. By experimental research we 

 have ascertained the sources of most of 

 the Tanice. The serrated species (T. 

 serrata) is derived from Cysticercus 

 pisiformis infesting hares and rabbits. 

 This is common in sporting animals, 

 owing to the careless practice of allow- 

 ing gamekeepers and kennel masters to 

 throw the fresh viscera of the inter- 

 mediate hosts to the dogs. I have 

 witnessed this stupid habit in the field. 

 The cucumerine tapeworm (T. cucume- 

 riiui) is, by most observers, considered 

 to be identical with the T. elliptica of 

 the cat. I regard it as a variety. This 

 delicate species is excessively common 

 and is now, through Melnikow's dis- 

 covery, known to be derived from the 

 louse of the dog (Trichodectes latn*). 

 This circumstance affords a curious illus- 

 tration of the fact that an ultimate host 

 may carry the intermediate host upon 

 its back. 



As regards the relative prevalence 

 of these tapeworms in England, it 

 may be said that whilst T. serrata 

 occurs almost entirely in our harriers, 

 greyhounds, sheep-dogs, and lurchers 

 (taught to "pick up- hares), the T. 

 cucumerina is liable to infest any variety 

 of dog, and probably infests nearly 70 



