CARNIVORA 305 



" husk " or parasitic bronchitis of calves, lambs, and other 

 domesticated animals. The only other genuine strongyle known 

 to infest the dog is Eustrongylus gigas. This is a very common 

 parasite in wolves. I have already spoken of this parasite at 

 some length (Book I, p. 207), and can only further refer to 

 the recently published case by Megnin (quoted below, and at 

 full length in my paper in the 'Veterinarian' for April, 1879). 

 The Museum of the Royal Veterinary College contains three 

 fine examples of this worm coiled within the kidney of a dog, or 

 rather within the renal capsule, for the substance of the organ 

 is almost entirely wanting. These are from Bickford's case. 



Amongst the many good " finds " made by Lewis in India, 

 not the least interesting is that appertaining to Cheir -acanthus 

 robustus. Lewis, indeed, supposed that he had detected Echi- 

 norhynchi in chestnut-sized tumours of the walls of the stomach, 

 but, as I pointed out at the time, the parasites were entirely 

 destitute of Acanthocephalous structure. As is well known, 

 this curious nematode infests various felines, such as the wild 

 cat, puma, and tiger. In addition to the above canine nematodes 

 we have the wrinkled threadworm (Trichosoma plica) infesting 

 the bladder. This is of much more frequent occurrence in the 

 fox. In the list Trichina spiralis must also be included, 

 although, so far as I am aware, it has only been seen in dogs 

 that have been subjected to feeding experiments. 



Another nematode common to the fox and dogs, and infesting 

 the caecum, is the whipworm (Trichocephalus depressiusculus). 

 It is very rare in the dog. Lastly, there is the important little 

 strongyloid worm generally known as Dochmius trigonocephalus. 

 At the hands of Leuckart the general structure and development 

 of this entozoon have received complete elucidation. It infests 

 the small intestines, and is found alike in the fox, wolf, and 

 cheetah. It has also been obtained from Canis lag opus and 0. 

 azarae. Dr Krabbe did not encounter this worm in Icelandic 

 dogs ; nevertheless, he obtained it in a blue fox which died in 

 Kjoerbolling's menagerie, and which had come from Iceland. 

 In Danish dogs it occurred in less than 2 per cent. The 

 embryos of this worm are rhabditiform and possess three 

 long bristle-like teeth, the slender tail being furnished with a 

 distinct appendage at the tip. They develop in moist situations, 

 where they feed freely, grow rapidly, and change their skins, 

 throwing off the caudal tip with the first month. It seems 

 evident that they do not require a change of hosts, since Leuc- 



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