EUMINANTIA 335 



nearly two thousand heads. In regard to true hydatids or 

 acephalocysts in ruminants, on which subject I have already 

 dwelt at much length, I may again observe that the Hunterian 

 Museum contains some remarkable examples. In 1854 I 

 obtained Cysticerci from a giraffe, and I have reason to believe 

 that similar bladder-worms infest antelopes and deer. 



The nematodes of the ruminants are both numerous in, and 

 destructive to, their bearers, those infesting the lungs being 

 productive of a parasitic bronchitis termed husk or hoose. In 

 cattle the lung- worm (Strongylus micrurus) is particularly fatal 

 to calves, whilst S. filaria attacks sheep, and especially lambs. 

 A larger but less common lung strongyle (S. rufescens) is some- 

 times found associated with the latter. In 1875 I conducted 

 experiments with the view of finding the intermediate hosts of 

 8. micrurus, and I arrived at the conclusion that the larvae of 

 this parasite are passively transferred to the digestive organs of 

 earth-worms. The growth and metamorphoses which I witnessed 

 in strongyloid larvae taken from earth-worms (into which I had 

 previously introduced embryos) were remarkably rapid, and 

 accompanied by ecdysis. The facts were as follows. About the 

 middle of October, 1875, I received from Messrs Farrow, of 

 Durham, a fresh and characteristic specimen of diseased lungs, 

 in which the bronchi were swarming with Filariae. 



In reference to the case itself, Mr George Farrow afterwards 

 informed me by letter that the calf was one of a herd of seven, 

 whose ages respectively varied from four to six months. At 

 the time of his writing (October 20th) the remaining six animals 

 were progressing favorably towards recovery a result which 

 Mr Farrow attributes to the employment of inhalations of tur- 

 pentine and savin, combined with the internal adminstration of 

 tonics, In regard to this plan of treatment, and in reference 

 to the source of infection, he adds : " I should have preferred 

 trying the inhalations of chlorine gas, but as the patients were 

 so very young and in poor condition, I deemed it advisable to 

 try a milder course of treatment. 



" The history of the case is brief. The cattle are on a very 

 dry and well-drained farm, but during the summer there was 

 a great scarcity of water, and they were supplied from a stagnant 

 pool which eventually became dry. This, in my opinion, is 

 where the disease originated." 



Mr George Farrow's opinion is probably correct, being in 

 harmony with the most recent results of scientific research as 



