KUMINANTIA 351 



and H. diana, a species also infesting the elk. The throat-grubs 

 are Ceph. rufibarbis and Pharyngomyia picta ; another species, 

 also occurring in the fallow deer, Ceph. ulrichii, infests the elk, 

 and G. stimulator the roe, the last-named deer being also infested 

 by Hyp. diana. A throat- fly infests the reindeer, which is also 

 frequently attacked by Hyp. tarandi. Specimens of the latter 

 worm have been obtained by Dr Murie at the Zoological Gardens. 

 The Hunterian Museum also contains these and other species of 

 bots, presented by myself in Mr Andrew Murray's name. A 

 subcutaneous bot has been found in the musk-deer. A throat- 

 bot (G. maculate) infests the dromedary. 



In regard to the so-called free dipterous parasites and other 

 noxious insects that attack ruminants, their name is legion. 

 One of the worst is the tsetse (Glossina morsitans), immortalised 

 by Livingstone. Of the Muscidce we have the ox-fly (Musca 

 bovina), the sheep-fly (M. ccesar), and the executioner (M. car- 

 nifex). Of the Tabanida we have T bovinus and T. autumnalis, 

 Chrysops ccecutiens, and the allied Asilus crabroniformis (Asi- 

 lida). Amongst the specially noxious insects must also be 

 placed Stomoxys calcitrans and Rhagio columbaschensis. This 

 fly proves fearfully destructive to cattle in Hungary and Servia. 

 Lastly, I can only further mention the common Melophagus 

 ovinus. This is nothing more than a gigantic louse, which 

 from long use agriculturists and veterinarians persist in calling 

 the sheep-tick. It belongs to the Hippoboscidcp, the members 

 of which family only attack quadrupeds and birds. As regards 

 the lice (Anoplura), I have to mention Haematopinus vituli of the 

 calf, H. eurysternus of cattle, and H. stenopsis of the goat ; also 

 Trichodectes scalaris, T. sph&rocephalus, and T. caprce. These 

 infest the ox, sheep, and goat, respectively. 



For some account of the protozoal parasites (Psorospermia, 

 &c.) infesting the flesh, of ruminants I must refer the reader to 

 Book I, Section IV, Part YI of this treatise. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY (No. 49). (Anonymous), " On the Hydatid in 

 the Brain of Sheep," from ' Journ. de Med. Yet.,' in ' Vete- 

 rinarian/ vol. xxviii, p. 461, 1855. (Idem), " Note on the ' Kot 

 in Sheep/ " ( Veterinarian/ vol. xxxvi, p. 100, 1863. (Idem), 

 " On the Hydatid, or Tumour of the Brain (of Sheep)," under 

 sig. of "Ben Ledi," in ' Veterinarian/ vol. xii, p. 467, 1839. 

 (Idem), <{ Note on Rot in Sheep, Cattle, and Hares," from the 

 ' Bristol Mirror and Scotsman/ in ' Veterinarian/ vol. xxxvi, 

 pp. 156-7, 1863. (Idem), "Tapeworm Epizooty in Netting- 



