PAOHYDERMATA 403 



whilst tlie others are found in the stomach. According to 

 Molin's description, both species occupy tuberous excrescences 

 of the mucous membrane, thus reminding us of the similar 

 habit enjoyed by Sp. megastoma in the horse. The 8p. chry- 

 soptera is a comparatively large species, the males measuring 

 an inch, and the females as much as an inch and a half in 

 length. Both of the spiropteras were obtained from tapirs by 

 the indefatigable Natterer, Sp. mediospiralis being also pro- 

 cured by him from the aguti. If I have read Molin correctly, 

 as many as thirty-four examples of 8. mediospiralis were taken 

 from a single excrescence in the stomach of the tapir. Up- 

 wards of a hundred specimens were procured, collectively, from 

 three similar stomach-excrescences in Dasyprocta aguti. These, 

 and the other tapirine parasites above mentioned, were originally 

 discovered in Brazil. 



BIBLIOGEAPHY (No. 53). Dwsing, "Neue Gattungen Binnen- 

 wiirmern nebst enem Nachtrage zur Monographie der Amphis- 

 tomen," in ' Annalen d. Wien. Museums,' Feb., 1839, s. 236. 

 Idem, ' Systema/ Bd. ii, s. 306. Mplin, " Una monografia del 

 genere Spiroptera," in ' Sitzungsb. der math.-naturw. Cl. d. k. 

 Akad. d. Wissensch./ Bd. xxxviii, s. 1001, 1859. Murie, "On 

 a larval CEstrus found in the Hippopotamus/' ' Proc. Zool. Soc./ 

 1870, p. 78. 



The osculant position of the anisodactyle pachyderms (Hy- 

 racidce), formerly classed as rodents, renders it desirable that 

 their parasites should be briefly noticed in this place. Pro- 

 bably these animals, zoologically speaking, come nearest to 

 the rhinoceroses, but Prof. Owen showed that, anatomically, 

 they possessed marked affinities with the sloths. The klipdas 

 or dasse (Hyrax capensis) is infested by a tapeworm, of which 

 hitherto the proglottides only appear to have been seen (Ttenia 

 hyracis, Pallas). Under the name of Coenurus serialis a larval 

 cestode has been described by Gervais, the same parasite being 

 called Arynchotenia critica by Pagenstecher (" Zur Naturges- 

 chichte der Cestoden," in 'Sieb. u. K611. Zeitschrift '). A variety 

 of nematodes have also been observed in the Cape hyrax. Of 

 these, the so-called Physaloptera spirula is classed as doubtful 

 by Molin and Diesing. Hemprich and Ehrenberg furnished 

 brief descriptions of four other nematodes. Two of these 

 worms were placed in the genus Oxyuris (0. pugio and 0. 

 flavellum), and the other two in the new genus Crossophorus, 

 which they formed for their reception (G. collaris and C. 



