404 PARASITES OF ANIMALS 



tentaculatus). The whole of these nematoids were obtained 

 either from the caecum or large intestine. 



An able article in the ' Natural History Review ' for July, 

 1865, attributed to Professor Huxley, expressed very clearly the 

 popular notion as to the great danger of the flesh of swine 

 considered as a source of human parasites. No doubt the 

 filthy pachyderms in question (Suidce) are much infested by 

 helminths, some of which gain access to man, but swine are 

 neither attacked by a greater variety of entozoa than other 

 domesticated animals, nor are they so frequently a source of 

 human tapeworms as cattle. In the article above quoted the 

 following passage occurs : " Of all animals, feral or domestic, 

 the common pig is beyond all doubt the most fertile source of 

 human entozoa ; at least, of important parasites, Trichina spi- 

 ralis and the tapeworm would, there is good reason to believe, 

 cease to infest us, did not this favorite quadruped act the part 

 of a communicating medium. " This paragraph was evidently 

 written under the impression that "the tapeworm" most 

 commonly found in man was derived from the hog. So far 

 back as 1864 I showed that this was an entire mistake. 



Flukes are rare in swine; nevertheless, Fasciola Jiepatica 

 and Distoma lanceolatum are occasionally present in the 

 domestic hog, and the peccaries (Dicotyles) are infested by an 

 Amphistome (A. giganteum). This large species, f" in length, 

 formed the basis of an admirable account of the anatomy of 

 this genus of worms which the learned Vienna helrninthologist, 

 Diesing, wrote before he was deprived of his eyesight. The 

 merits of that respected systematist's investigations have, I 

 think, been much underrated, in consequence, no doubt, of the 

 artificial character of his system of classification. For all that, 

 his writings remain invaluable. Turning to the cestodes of 

 swine, there is not, so far as I am aware, any evidence of the 

 occurrence of sexually-mature tapeworms either in the hog or 

 its allies ; but the frequency of larval cestodes, known as 

 measles (Cysticercus tela cellulose] , was well known to the early 

 Jewish writers. In the first part of this work I devoted as 

 much space as I could spare to the consideration of Cysticerci 

 in general, and the pork-measle in particular ; but an exhaus- 

 tive knowledge of the subject in relation to hygiene can only 

 be acquired by consulting the principal original memoirs (quoted 

 in the Bibliographies Nos. 13 and 14). In a Westphalian ham, 

 part of which was sent to me for examination, I calculated that 



