22 



Fig. 15. 



heater placed horizontally Fig. 

 16. and also one with both 

 heater and cooler in a horizon- 

 tal position. Fig. 17. In addi- 

 tion to this change, he also 

 adopted 

 a cover 



In Germany Hr von F. HOCHMUTH 



adapted the Lawrence cooler to his pur- 

 pose as shown in Fig. 15. It is divid- 

 ed in three parts. The lower one acts 

 as cooler, the water enters at the bot- 

 tom and is then, when warmed at the 

 top of the cooler led through a curved 

 pipe into the upper part leaving at a. 

 There the heat absorbed from the milk 

 is utilized for the preliminary heating. 

 Meanwhile the centre part is heated by 

 steam entering at D and the condensed 

 water escaping at c. 



We find the same objection to this 

 apparatus as to the Laval, in the great 

 drop, which requires the milk to be 

 pumped. This led Mr. Hochmuth to 

 modify it and construct one with the 



Fig. IB. 



Fig. 17. 



which protects the milk against the air as well 

 compels it to follow the curvature of the cor- 

 rugated surface instead of flowing on top. 



LAWRENCE also constructed- his appar- 

 atus with a cover for the heater (see Fig. 18.) 

 in which is used a hot water circulation system 

 (a b). 



There is thus no end to the. combinations 

 of heaters, indeed, every cooler devised may 

 be used as heaters and vice versa, but, as a 

 rule, it requires twice the cooling surface to 

 cool that it does to heat 100. 



Running the milk over an exposed surface 

 may be objected to from a strict bacteriologi- 



al standpoint, but practically with the milk such as we receive 



