The temperature varies from 16 to 180 , and steam is turned on from 

 twenty to thirty minutes. 



The milk is filled hot into the glass jars, which are placed in ice 

 water to cool. 



At Danby, N. Y., is also a plant for "sterilizing" the milk in 

 bulk, hot water being used instead of dry steam. 



Under the heading of tank heaters I must mention the system of 

 heating by leading steam (exhaust or direct) into the milk. 



This has been used in 

 some German creameries 

 for skim milk on the "Kort- 

 ing" system, illustrated in 

 Fig. 30, which shows how 

 the current is directed di- 

 agonally against the sides. 

 The heater consists of a 

 trumpet^shaped end to the 

 steam pipe with openings 

 just behind the point of 

 the steam jet on the same 

 principle as our steam jet 

 pumps and heaters. See 

 fig. 30. 



A similar idea has been 

 adopted by MR. BENTLY, 

 called by him a " Gemicide." This is indicated in Fig. 31, by two 

 wide tubes in which two steam jets blow in different directions caus- 



ing a current in the milk, as in- 

 dicated by the arrows. The 

 steam pipes are joined together 

 above (not shown in illustra- 

 tion) with a drip arrangement 

 in the center so as not to intro- 

 duce any of the steam con- 

 densed in the pipes. 



In Fig. 32 I have shown the simple Barber noiseless heater in- 

 tended for water with which I have made start the current in any 

 desired direction by modifying that, a " heater " for direct steam can 

 be made by anybody at a nominal cost. 



- 30 - 



