61 



A similar idea has been adopted by PIr. Bentley, 

 called by him a "Germicide/' This is indicated in Fig. 63, by 

 two wide tubes in w r hich two steam jets blow in different di- 

 rections, causing a current 

 in the milk, as indicated by 

 the arrows. The steam 

 pipes are joined together 

 above (not shown in illus- 

 tration) with a drip ar- 

 rangement in the center so 

 as not to introduce any of 

 the steam condensed in the pipes. 



In Fig. 64 I have shown the simple Barber noiseless heat- 

 er intended for water with which I have made start the cur- 

 rent in any desired direction. By modifying this, a "heater" 



for direct steam can be made by any- 

 body at a nominal cost. Steam en- 

 ters at S through the reduced open- 

 ing of the nipple s. The milk is 

 sucked in at m and ejected at e. 



Mr. Newton, ex-President of Iowa 

 Dairymen's Association, was the first 

 to suggest the plan of elevating the 

 skim milk into a bucket placed in the 

 tank, and then have an exhaust 

 steam pipe enter into the bucket, thus 

 heating the milk, and Mr. Jensen, of 

 Kansas, constructed a skim milk 

 heater by having the milk pumped 

 into a trough placed in the skim milk 

 tank, and in the bottom of this 

 trough is a perforated steam pipe whereby the milk is heated. 

 In heating milk directly with steam there is, of course, a dilu- 

 tion. In one test I made it was 7 per cent, but it is often 

 more, and add to this the danger of contamination from im- 

 pure steam and it will be seen that it should not be encour- 

 aged where the milk is intended for human food. 



STORAGE TANKS. 



In view of the assumed necessity of keeping the milk or 

 cream, at the high temperature for 20 or 30 minutes, if it is 



Fig. 64. 



