58 PENIKESE. 



melt and to recede they are deposited as single or 

 successive terminal moraines. These are crescent- 

 shaped ridges or walls of rock and loose material. 

 If small glaciers will accomplish so much, what 

 might not large ones do?" 



In his sixth and seventh lectures he still continues: 

 "When a glacier meets with an obstacle it breaks 

 and forms crevices. You will find no crevices in 

 neve. The more compact the ice the deeper and 

 broader these are. In a hot day the sides of the 

 glaciers melt and form small brooks. These are 

 sometimes too wide to cross. They carry with them 

 an immense amount of rubbish, which fills up many of 

 the cavities and gaps, and makes pot-holes and new 

 excavations. Sometimes one of these brooks will 

 traverse the whole length of a glacier. 



"The geological phenomena connected with glacial 

 action are extraordinary. There are boulders upon 

 the Jura which, in mineral character, have been 

 traced to the Alps; and at the foot of the Alps is a 

 pudding-stone which is found in the Jura. There is 

 no doubt as to where it came from. Professor Guyot 

 has done more than any other man in studying erratic 

 phenomena. He has proved, that what is in reality 

 done between the Alps and the Jura has been done 

 by glaciers and not by water sweeping up the plains. 

 Water would leave transverse ridges of rocks, while 

 those which occur are in longitudinal ridges, and 

 must have been caused by glaciers from the Alps. 

 How, then, while Switzerland w 7 as so cold could 

 England and other countries have been so warm. / 

 think that the whole globe was covered with ice. I 

 have found traces of glacial action everywhere in 

 mountainous districts that I have searched. In the 

 White Mountains, north of Franconia mountains, is 

 a ridge of thirteen plain morraines. They occur on 

 all sides of the mountains, also. There are signs in 

 New York, Ohio, Maine, New Hampshire, Massa- 

 chusetts, as far as British America, and still other 



