SECOND YEAR AT PENIKESE. 79 



ter use) all along the coast of the north shore of the 

 St. Lawrence, even along the Labrador peninsula, 

 when he made the above remark. ' "True trout and 

 salmon are marked by a small fatty fin just behind the 

 dorsal. Trout vary in color, size, form, and in many 

 other particulars. Overfed brook trout are very 

 large." Along the north shore of the St. Lawrence 

 and in Labrador waters, (even in Canada,) "overfed 

 brook trout" are caught in nets and by hook and line, 

 weighing from two to Jive pounds, they are salted 

 down and sold in the Canadian markets by the barrel. 

 "There is quite a difference between the fat brook 

 trout and those taken from the sea, (the latter are fe- 

 males, I think, and the males do not leave their na- 

 tive stream. ) The salmon are very lean after spawn- 

 ing. 



"In a hatchery keep the hatching box well sup- 

 plied with a good supply of fresh water it should be 

 kept at a temperature of 47 o to 50 o . Build a gate 

 over the stream, behind the box, to regulate the 

 amount of water; dig a pond or ponds, plank them 

 inside, lead the water into them from the stream, and 

 lead off the waste water. In the hatching-hojise, 

 each separate box should have a separate stop-cock 

 to regulate the supply of water, and also a cover to 

 keep the insects out of it. Trout and salmon depos- 

 ite their eggs on a gravelly bottom and in rapid, run- 

 ning water. Do not keep them together, as they eat 

 ach others spawn and young. As regards time, the 

 hatching of the young depends upon the temperature 

 of the water. If the water be 50 o the spawn will 

 hatch in fifty days; and five days later for every de- 

 gree lower. The eggs will sustain intense cold and 

 yet survive. The young resemble greatly some of 

 the fossil fishes. The trout lie helpless with an at- 

 tachment of a large yolk sack for sometime before a 

 vigorous growth begins; with salmon the time is not 

 so long. Young fish are fed upon ox or calves' liver 

 in a finely divided state. The enemies of both egg 

 and young are numerous. While lying in the hatch- 



