PRELIMINARY CLASSIFIED NOTES 



Fig. 2. ROOK. 



(.KatMTol rite.) 



crow in having the base of the bill feathered (Fig. 3; see also p. 31), but 



differs from it, firstly, in the shape of the bill, that of the crow being stouter 



and more decurved (Figs. 1, 



3) ; secondly, in the general 



appearance of its plumage, 



which hangs from it loosely, 



especially on the flanks, 



whereas that of the crow 



is closer fitting (Pis. 2, 3) ; 



thirdly, in having the back 



of the tongue square or trape- 

 zoidal / \ instead of, 



as in the case of the crow, 



round (G. Rorig); fourthly, 



hi having the neck feathers 



soft as compared to the harder and conspicuously lanceolated corresponding 



feathers of the crow ; fifthly, in having the first primary as long, or longer, 



than the ninth, the crow having 

 it shorter. The violet gloss, more- 

 over, is much less pronounced or 

 absent, especially from the neck 

 and head of the latter. The state- 

 ment that the two species can, 

 further, be distinguished by the 

 colour of the bases of the feathers 

 is incorrect ; in both these are 



normally grey. [F. B. K.] 



2. Distribution. It is found from South Sweden and the Kola Peninsula 

 to South France, North Italy, and the Danube Valley. In Asia it is replaced 

 by an allied race. It is generally distributed and resident in suitable localities 

 throughout the British Isles, and now established on some of the Outer Hebrides 

 and the Orkneys. [F. c. B. J.] 



3. Migration. Its migrations to and from our shores, described in detail 

 by Mr. Eagle Clarke in the Report of the British Association, 1903, p. 298, are 

 briefly as follows : (1) Large flocks from Central Europe arrive between mid- 

 September and mid-November on our east coast from the Humber southward, 



Fig. 3. YOU>-G ROOK. 

 (Natural ti:t.) 



