PRELIMINARY CLASSIFIED NOTES 97 



marked in the males than in the females. The bill is generally less thick and 

 powerful than in the British form. The latter, moreover, has the second primary 

 much longer (4 to 7 mm.) than the seventh, whereas in the Continental bird the 

 difference is much less appreciable, the second being usually not more than 2 mm. 

 longer (E. Hartert in British Birds, iii. p. 313). [F. B. K.] 



2. Distribution. The Continental race which visits our eastern coasts isfound 

 breeding throughout Europe as far as the tree limit (i.e. about 70 N. lat.) in the 

 north, on the east to the Urals and the Black Sea, and on the south to the Mediter- 

 ranean. It is, however, absent from Spain south of the Guadarrama range and 

 from the southern part of the Balkan peninsula. In Italy it breeds only in the 

 mountainous parts of the north. It breeds also in the mountains of Corsica 

 and Sardinia, but not in Sicily. In the northern part of its range it is only a 

 summer visitor, wintering in the southern portion and rarely visiting N.-W. 

 Africa. A few are sedentary in Germany, and many winter in France, but most 

 of the northern breeding birds winter in the Mediterranean region. [F. c. E. j.] 



3. Migration. A winter visitor, sometimes in large numbers, from 

 N. Europe to our east coast, but on the S.E. coast there is no evidence of direct 

 immigration or of any migratory movement. In April 1908 Mr. Eagle Clarke 

 (Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., 1908, p. 82) recorded the arrival of many, no doubt of 

 this race, at Fair Isle. The return emigration in spring is less noticeable. 

 [A. L. T.] 



The following is described in the supplementary chapter on " Rare Birds " : 



Alpine-accentor, Accentor collaris collaris (Scopoli). Prunella collaris 

 collaris (Scopoli). 



VOL. II. N 



