536 PALLAS'S SANDGROUSE 



us for what was to follow. In the British Isles breeding was reported 

 from the Moray area in Scotland, as well as from Yorkshire, where 

 two clutches of eggs were obtained, and in the following year another 

 chick was obtained from the Culbin Sands in Morayshire. On the 

 Continent eggs were reported from Jylland, Denmark (five nests with 

 3 eggs each), from Schleswig-Holstein (5 eggs), from Hannover (1 egg), 

 and also from Holland. Comparatively few out of the many 

 thousands which must have visited Europe stayed through the 

 winter in their old haunts, but a few remained in 1889 in suitable 

 districts in Great Britain and on the Continent. The breeding of this 

 species on the Culbin Sands in 1889 has already been referred to, 

 and a list of various occurrences (mostly in the early part of the year, 

 but in some cases up to August) in Germany, Austria, Bohemia, 

 Dalmatia, Hungary, Denmark, and the Baltic provinces of Russia, 

 will be found in Naumann's Naturgeschichte der Vogel Mitteleuropas, 

 vii. 33. 



In 1890 the only records on the Continent were from Denmark 

 and Moravia, but in 1891 it was observed in Hungary, Bohemia, 

 France, and possibly other localities ; in 1892 in Moravia ; in 1895 in 

 North Germany ; in 1897 again in Moravia ; and in 1898 in Lower 

 Austria. The only records for 1899 and 1904 are from the English 

 coasts, but in 1906 it was reported from the Dutch as well as from 

 the British coasts. 



In 1908 the third important invasion took place. It was, 

 however, on a much smaller scale than that of 1888, and apparently 

 less than that of 1863. Von Tschusi thinks that the main body of 

 migrants became divided into two streams, the northern one avoiding 

 the Carpathians and making for the North Sea and the British Isles 

 in small flocks, while the southern division did not penetrate farther 

 than South Italy, although large numbers were observed on passage 

 in Roumania. Curiously enough, the Frisian islands and the Dutch 

 coast, which were frequented in considerable numbers during previous 

 invasions, were almost entirely avoided in 1908. Some indications 



