252 THE PHALAROPES 



white, and extending to the chin, while on the flanks they are striated with brown, 

 and the white patch on the side of the head is strongly marked with vinous brown. 

 After the autumn moult the lores, forehead, and crown, and the whole of the under 

 parts are white, a patch of grey partly surrounds the eye, and the upper parts 

 assume a uniform slate-grey colour, the feathers of the mantle having dark shaft- 

 streaks, and those of the scapulars and innermost secondaries white margins. The 

 wing-coverts retain the slate-blue of the summer dress. The juvenile plumage 

 is intermediate in character between the summer and winter dress of the adult, 

 having the feathers of the upper surface margined with buff, and a vinous tinge 

 on the throat and fore-neck. The fore-part of the crown is buffish white, and 

 there is a horse-shoe loop of black on the hinder crown. The young in down have 

 the head of a light rust colour with a black patch on the crown and behind the 

 eye, while the back is of a dark brown relieved by more or less distinct longi- 

 tudinal stripes of bright reddish brown. The under parts are of a dark brownish 

 grey. [w. p. p.] 



2. Distribution. In the breeding season the grey-phalarope is a circum- 

 polar bird. Its nearest breeding-places to us are Iceland, where a few pairs nest ; 

 Spitsbergen, where it breeds in considerable numbers ; and Novaya Zemlya, 

 where it has recently been proved to nest (W. S. Bruce). Whether it breeds on 

 Kolguev is not certain, but it is known to nest on the Taimyr Peninsula (Midden- 

 dorff and Walter), at the mouth of the Yenesei (Popham), on the Great Liakoff 

 Isles (Bunge), the Lower Lena valley (Hall), the Kolyma and Yana deltas (Buturlin). 

 On the American side it is not uncommon in Greenland, breeding not only on the 

 west side but also in the north-east (Manniche), and westward along the Arctic 

 coasts and islands of North America to Alaska, ranging north to 82 30' (Feilden), 

 from Davis Strait, Melville Peninsula, and the North Georgian Islands to Point 

 Barrow. Mr. Buturlin also states that isolated pairs have been found far inland in 

 south-west Siberia, in the Uralsk and Turgai governments. During the winter it is 

 found in small numbers as far as the coasts and lakes of the Continent, south to 

 the Mediterranean, and it has occurred in the Azores and in Marocco, while in 

 Asia it ranges to the Pamirs (rare), India (once only), and China (regularly). It 

 has also been recorded from New Zealand, the Falkland Isles, Juan Fernandez, and 

 in South America as far as Chile, but its normal winter range in America extends 

 only to Lower California, and the middle United States on the east side. [F. c. R. J.] 



3. Migration. A bird of passage in small and variable numbers, but 

 seldom recorded on the spring passage. The south-eastern counties of England 



