254 THE PHALAROPES 



slaty black, with a bar of white along the tips of the major series. Primaries with 

 white shafts, and the secondaries edged with white, the innermost having sandy 

 buff margins. The fore-neck is marked by a broad band of rust-red extending 

 upwards to the nape ; below the band is a narrow margin of grey. The flanks are 

 grey, and the rest of the under parts white. Beak, legs, and toes black, iris dark 

 brown. The male is duller in colour, has the rufous band across the throat smaller 

 in area, and a white superciliary stripe. After the autumn moult the chestnut and 

 grey bands on the fore-neck are wanting ; the back and scapulars also lose the 

 chestnut margins, the upper parts being slate-grey more or less conspicuously laced 

 with white, the under parts pure white. The juvenile plumage has the feathers 

 of the upper parts dark brown margined with chestnut, and the under parts washed 

 with buffish. The young in down are buffish chestnut above, with a black patch 

 on the crown and behind the ear, a black spot on the elbow, and a longitudinal 

 line of black, and two narrow white lines along the back. The neck is also buffish 

 chestnut, the rest of the under parts white, [w. p. p.] 



2. Distribution. In the British Isles at the present time this species is 

 only known to breed in Scotland in the Outer Hebrides, south of the Sound of 

 Harris, and in the Orkneys and Shetlands. There was formerly a breeding-place 

 in the Tay area (Perthshire), but this had long been deserted. In Ireland there is 

 a single colony in the West, occupied since 1900, though first made known in 1903, 

 which is now protected. Outside the British Isles it breeds in the Fseroes, and in 

 great numbers in Iceland, while on the Continent it is found on the high fjeld of 

 Middle Norway as well as in Northern Scandinavia, locally in North Russia, and on 

 the islands of Waigatz, Dolgoi, and probably Kolguev. Southward it breeds, accord- 

 ing to Buturlin, in Moscow, Perm, Orenburg, and Uralsk, and sparingly in the Gulf 

 of Finland and the Russian Baltic Provinces. In Asia its breeding range extends 

 across Siberia to the Sea of Okhotsk and Saghalin as well as on the Commander 

 Isles, and in North America it breeds from the Aleutian Isles, Alaska, the northern 

 Mackenzie river basin, Central Keewatin, St. James' Bay, and N. Ungava to South 

 Greenland. It has on the whole a more southerly range than the grey-phalarope. 

 In winter it migrates southward through Europe to the Mediterranean basin, 

 avoiding the western part ; and also to Southern Asia (India, China, Japan), 

 Celebes, the Moluccas and Amboina, while in America it reaches the Bermudas, 

 Guatemala, and occasionally Hawaii. [F. c. R. J.] 



3. Migration. A summer visitor to the breeding haunts mentioned above, 

 and otherwise merely a rare bird of passage, chiefly to the east coast of Great 



