PRELIMINARY CLASSIFIED NOTES 327 



mainly from the coast between the Midi of Cantrye and the Solway Firth to that 

 of counties Antrim and Down, and also by way of the Outer Hebrides to the coast 

 of Donegal. 



(2) Autumn Immigration from North-Western Europe. This immigration takes 

 place from early October to mid-November. It affects the east coast of Scotland 

 from Shetland southwards, and the northern section of the east coast of England, 

 but movements affecting a great stretch of coast-line simultaneously do not usually 

 occur. The total number of immigrants is not very great, for the species is by no 

 means abundant in North- Western Europe (see preceding paragraph). 



(3) Autumn Immigration from the East. In October and early November an 

 immigration from the east and south-east takes place on the coast between the 

 Thames and the Wash and the Humber. 



(4) (Passage Movements}. There is no evidence of immediate southward 

 emigration of immigrants from either source. The majority certainly remain 

 within our area for some time, although many must eventuaUy cross the Channel. 



(5) Autumn Emigration. There is no evidence of any cross-Channel emigration 

 in September or October, although the existence of slight movements of this nature 

 is not improbable. Considerable emigration takes place in November, the move- 

 ments being sometimes associated with general movements down the east and west 

 coasts of England. 



(6) British Winter Movements and Winter Emigration. The lapwing affords 

 an exceptionally good example of winter movements subsequent to the ordinary 

 migration season. These movements are indeed of a far more general and striking 

 character than the autumnal migrations, but their extent and the time of their 

 occurrence depend entirely on the severity of the season. In seasons where no very 

 severe weather has occurred till late in the winter, we find cross-Channel emigration 

 taking place in the middle of February, and southward movement within the 

 British Isles as late as mid-March. 



(7) Winter Immigration from West-Central Europe. In severe winters the 

 winter movements in West-Central Europe give rise to an immigration on the 

 southern section of the east coast of England, the birds afterwards spreading west- 

 wards across the country. 



(8) British Spring Movements. Some birds return to their inland haunts at 

 the end of January or in February, but very often have to beat a temporary retreat. 

 The normal time for returning to summer quarters is between the end of February 

 and the middle of March, except in very late seasons. These movements include 



